PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF STUTTERERS FLUENT SPEECH

口吃者流利言语的产生特点

• 批准号: 2014706
• 负责人: Vincent L. Gracco
• 金额: $ 22.07万
• 依托单位: HASKINS LABORATORIES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-06-01 至 2001-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2014706
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; electromyography; facial muscles; human subject; magnetic resonance imaging; psychomotor function; stuttering

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted From The Investigator's Abstract): Speech production is an integrative process in which intent is transformed in to action though a series of sensorimotor operations. For most individuals, the speech production process operates smoothly. For persons who stutter (PWS), this process intermittently breaks down. Dysfluencies in speech output, characterized by sound/syllable repetition and/or lengthening, or complete blocks of speech output, disrupt the normal spatial and temporal patterning of movement. The reason or reasons why this apparent maladaptive communicative behavior is manifest in the population, and persists into adulthood is currently unknown. A controversy in the literature is whether and how PWS differ from persons who do not stutter. One possibility is that the speech production system of PWS is not different from those of nonstuttering individuals and stuttering is the secondary characteristic of higher level impairment (cognitive, linguistic, psychological). Alternatively, the locus of the problem is in the speech motor control systems of PWS and the higher level processes interact with unstable output system causing a breakdown of fluent speech. We suggest, based on the available literature that both possibilities exists and further, that most previous attempts to resolve this issue have to limited in scope and technique as to render definitive conclusions premature. In the present proposal, we will examine the performance of stuttering individuals along a number of dimensions reflecting a sampling of cognitive, linguistic, and sensorimotor capabilities. The empirical techniques include the kinematic examination of articulator motion, electromyographic analysis of orofacial muscle activity, the examination of responses to mechanical and auditory disruptions during speaking, reaction times associated with increasing linguistic complexity and attentional demands, and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging during language processing and production. The research focuses on both theoretical and practical issues in order to maximize the impact of the research on understanding the disorder. Many of the other investigations proposed will provide information on many of the important nervous system operations for communication and the manner in which they may be impaired in stuttering individuals. Other investigations will provide useful clinical information by describing the specific changes in speech production variables that accompany a number of clinical techniques known to reduce the frequency of stuttering. We also attempt to identify differences in movement variance functions preceding experimentally-induced stuttering episodes to determine if these episodes can be predicted from an examination of fluent speech. Once identified, such variables could be used to predict the onset of stuttering episodes and ultimately in treating the disorder.

描述：（根据调查员的摘要改编）：语音制作 是一个综合过程，意图转化为行动 一系列感觉运动操作。 对于大多数人来说，演讲 生产过程顺利运行。 对于口吃（PWS）的人， 过程间歇性分解。 语音输出的功能障碍， 以声音/音节重复和/或延长或完整为特征 语音输出块，破坏正常的空间和时间模式 运动。 这种明显适应不良的原因或原因 交流行为在人群中表现出来，并持续到 成年目前未知。 文献中的争议是是否是 PWS与不结结巴巴的人有何不同。 一种可能性是 PWS的语音生产系统与 非混乱的人和口吃是次要特征 高级障碍（认知，语言，心理）。 或者，问题的源头在语音电机控制中 PW系统和更高级别的过程与不稳定的输出相互作用 系统导致流利的语音崩溃。 我们建议根据 可用的文献都存在，而且大多数可能性 以前解决此问题的尝试必须限制范围和 关于确定结论为早产的技术。 现在 提案，我们将研究沿着口吃的个体的表现 尺寸的数量，反映了认知，语言和语言和 感觉运动功能。 经验技术包括运动学 检查铰接器运动，口面肌电分析的检查 肌肉活动，对机械和听觉的反应检查 说话期间的破坏，与增加有关的反应时间 语言复杂性和注意力需求以及功能磁性 语言处理和生产过程中的共振成像。 研究 专注于理论和实际问题，以最大化 研究对理解该疾病的影响。 其他许多 提出的调查将提供有关许多重要的信息 神经系统的沟通操作及其可能的方式 口吃的人受到损害。 其他调查将提供 通过描述语音的具体变化来有用的临床信息 伴随许多已知临床技术的生产变量 减少口吃的频率。 我们还试图确定差异 在实验引起的口吃之前的运动差异功能 发作以确定是否可以从检查中预测这些发作 流利的语音。 一旦确定，这些变量可用于预测 口吃发作的发作，最终在治疗该疾病方面。