AGE DIFFERENCE IN ATTENTION--CONSEQUENCES FOR MEMORY

注意力的年龄差异——对记忆力的影响

• 批准号: 2051814
• 负责人: MARILYN D HARTMAN
• 金额: $ 9.88万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-07-01 至 1997-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2051814
• 关键词: age difference; aging; attention; cognition; human middle age (35-64); human old age (65+); human subject; memory; memory disorders; neuropsychological tests; stimulus /response; verbal behavior; verbal learning; young adult human (21-34)

This proposal sets out a framework to study the cognitive mechanisms underlying the relationship between changes in attention and memory declines in healthy older adults. The primary hypothesis is that aging affects the operation of processes involved in the formation of excitatory and inhibitory connections between verbal concepts, connections which serve to create integrated representations while simultaneously keeping concepts distinct from each other and from prior knowledge. Three main predictions are tested: (1) Aging reduces the strength of excitatory connections formed between individual words contained in verbal input; (2) Older adults are less able to suppress irrelevant input than younger adults; and (3) Age differences occur in the ability to segregate input from prior semantic knowledge, when the input conflicts with, or is difficult to discriminate from that prior knowledge. Each of the eight experiments involves the presentation of verbal stimuli (individual words, word pairs, or sentences) followed by a memory test (free recall, cued recall, or recognition memory). All involve comparisons between young, middle-aged, and older adults. In addition, a subset of the experiments will be administered to patients with anterograde amnesia. Because attention is believed to affect memory functioning only in the healthy aging group, the amnesic population will provide an important comparison group.

该提案制定了一个研究认​​知机制的框架 注意力与记忆变化之间的关系是基本的关系 健康的老年人下降。 主要假设是衰老 影响形成的过程的操作 言语概念之间的兴奋性和抑制性联系， 有助于创建集成表示的连接 同时保持概念彼此不同，并与先验截然不同 知识。 测试了三个主要预测：（1）老化降低了强度 在包含的单个单词之间形成的兴奋联系 口头输入； （2）老年人无法抑制无关的输入 比年轻人； （3）年龄差异发生在能力中 当输入冲突时，与先前的语义知识的输入分离 有或很难与先验知识区分开来。 八个实验中的每一个都涉及言语刺激 （单词，单词对或句子），然后进行内存测试 （免费召回，提示召回或识别记忆）。 所有人都涉及 年轻，中年和老年人的比较。 另外， 实验子集将向患者进行 顺行健忘症。 因为人们认为注意力会影响记忆 只有在健康衰老组中起作用，失忆症人群将 提供一个重要的比较组。