Evaluating Modes of Influenza Transmission (EMIT-2) using Innovative Technologies and Designs in Controlled Environments

在受控环境中使用创新技术和设计评估流感传播模式 (EMIT-2)

• 批准号: 10471978
• 负责人: Donald Kirby Milton
• 金额: $ 305.23万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10471978
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adult; Aerosols; Affect; Air; Animals; Antibodies; Biological Assay; Biomedical Engineering; Biostatistics Core; Breathing; Cell Line; Clinical; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Collection; Communication; Community-Acquired Infections; Complex; Controlled Environment; Data; Development; Devices; Disease; Engineering; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiologist; Exhalation; Face; Ferrets; Fever; Fractionation; Frequencies; Goals; Growth; Hand; Hemagglutination; Household; Human; Hydrogels; Hygiene; Immunologist; Immunology; Individual; Infection; Infection Control; Infectious Disease Epidemiology; Influenza; Inhalation; Intervention; Knowledge; Liquid substance; Measurable; Measurement; Methods; Modeling; Molds; Monitor; Mucous body substance; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; Natural History; Participant; Particle Size; Pathogenesis; Patients; Performance; Physical condensation; Positioning Attribute; Public Health; Quarantine; Randomized; Randomized Clinical Trials; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Research Support; Resources; Risk; Risk Assessment; Role; Route; Running; Sampling; Sanitation; Science; Scientist; Serology; Severity of illness; Solid; Strategic Planning; Symptoms; System; Technology; Testing; TimeLine; Translating; Viral; Virion; Virus; Virus Shedding; Water; aerosolized; analytical method; analytical tool; base; clinical infrastructure; density; design; digital; environmental intervention; flu transmission; improved; indoor air; indoor exposure; influenza infection; influenzavirus; inhibiting antibody; innovation; innovative technologies; insight; instrument; multidisciplinary; new technology; novel; particle; quantum; research facility; seasonal influenza; technology development; therapy design; tool; transmission process; trial design; universal influenza vaccine; ventilation; viral transmission; virology; volunteer

Project Summary/Abstract – Overall Component We propose multidisciplinary studies to comprehensively evaluate the roles of contact, fomite, sprayborne, and aerosol transmission and how they interact with ventilation to facilitate human-to-human influenza transmission using a suite of innovative technologies for improved sampling, fractionation, culture, and characterization of influenza virus aerosols. These studies leverage our highly diverse team of experts in bioengineering, aerosol science, human challenge and clinical trials, influenza virology and immunology, infectious diseases epidemiology, aerobiology, and computational fluid dynamics. The proposal is organized around two research projects and three cores. In Research Project 1, “Evaluating Modes of Influenza Transmission using a Randomized Controlled Trial (EMIT-2-RCT)” we will study the impact of two interventions a) ventilation and air sanitation and b) hand hygiene and face shields on transmission of circulating seasonal influenza from naturally infected cases to serologically susceptible volunteers. We will use the RCT to test hypotheses that aerosol transmission is the dominant mode, is associated with greater frequency of fever and systemic symptoms in secondary cases, and that in the absence of hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies, antibodies against other targets will strongly correlate with protection from infection and disease. In Research Project 2, “Developing and Applying Analytical Models of Influenza Transmission” we will use computational fluid dynamics and novel new aerosol measurements to a) design interventions and sampling strategies for the RCT enabling us to distinguish short- and long-range aerosol transmission from sprayborne transmission, b) define the Wells-Riley aerosol quantum of infection in terms of measurable quantities and assess risk at the recipient breathing zone level in both well-mixed and non-well-mixed indoor air conditions, and c) extend our models to household and animal studies and create practical analytical tools for public health scientists to collect data and assess risk in the field. The Research Projects will be enabled by an Advanced Bioaerosol Technology Core (ABTC) that will develop new viral aerosol sampling and culture systems and methods for both ambient and exhaled breath sampling that will validate the RCT design and provide critical inputs to the analytical models. A Clinical and Biostatistics Core (CBC) will provide the clinical infrastructure to perform the complex quarantine studies. The Administrative Core will manage these tightly integrated components to mold transdisciplinary insights into the dynamics and drivers of influenza transmission between humans.

项目总结/摘要——总体组成部分 我们建议进行多学科研究来全面评估接触、污染物、喷雾传播和传播的作用 气溶胶传播及其如何与通风相互作用以促进人与人之间的流感传播 使用一套创新技术来改进采样、分馏、培养和表征 这些研究利用了我们在生物工程、气溶胶方面高度多元化的专家团队。 科学、人类挑战和临床试验、流感病毒学和免疫学、传染病 该提案围绕两项研究进行组织。 在研究项目 1 中，“使用流感病毒传播模式进行评估”。 随机对照试验 (EMIT-2-RCT)”我们将研究两种干预措施的影响 a) 通风和空气 环境卫生和 b) 手部卫生和面罩，以防止传播季节性流感 我们将使用随机对照试验来检验以下假设： 气溶胶传播是主要方式，与发烧频率增加和全身性感染有关 继发病例的症状，以及在没有血凝抑制抗体、抗体的情况下 在研究项目 2 中，针对其他目标的作用与预防感染和疾病密切相关。 “开发和应用流感传播分析模型”我们将使用计算流体 动力学和新颖的气溶胶测量 a) 设计干预措施和采样策略 RCT 使我们能够区分短程和长程气溶胶传播与喷雾传播，b) 根据可测量的数量定义 Wells-Riley 气溶胶感染量并评估风险 在充分混合和非充分混合的室内空气条件下，接受者的呼吸区水平，以及 c) 扩展我们的 家庭和动物研究模型，并为公共卫生科学家创建实用的分析工具 现场收集数据并评估风险。研究项目将通过先进的生物气溶胶来实现。 技术核心（ABTC）将开发新的病毒气溶胶采样和培养系统及方法 环境和呼出气体采样将验证 RCT 设计并为 临床和生物统计学核心（CBC）将提供执行分析模型的临床基础设施。 行政核心将管理这些紧密集成的组件以塑造复杂的检疫研究。 对人与人之间流感传播的动态和驱动因素的跨学科见解。