CORTICAL MECHANISMS OF MOTOR PROCESSING

运动处理的皮质机制

• 批准号: 2268280
• 负责人: MICHAEL D CRUTCHER
• 金额: $ 14.35万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-07-01 至 1996-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2268280
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; brain electrical activity; electromyography; histology; limb movement; motion perception; motor cortex; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neuromuscular function; psychomotor function; space perception; visual stimulus; visual tracking

The broad, long-term objectives of our research are to elucidate the nature of motor processing in the CNS 1) by demonstrating neural correlates of different levels of motor processing, and 2) by comparing different areas to clarify the different roles of these areas in motor control. The current proposal is based upon the results of our recent single cell recording study of rhesus monkeys performing visually-guided, delayed, tracking tasks. The activity of a significant number of cells in the supplementary motor area (SMA), motor cortex (MC) and putamen was related to the target or goal of the movement independent of the direction of limb movement and independent of the pattern of muscle activity. Our hypothesis is that this target-dependent activity is a neural representation of very high level motor processes involved in "capturing" the target or goal of the movement. The goals of the present project are 1) to thoroughly characterize the nature of this high-level, target-dependent activity using a variety of paradigms, and 2) to examine the arcuate premotor area (APA) and rostral and caudal cingulate motor areas (CMAr and CMAc) in addition to the SMA and MC in order to compare and contrast these five precentral motor areas. Comparisons will be made with respect to the frequency of occurrence and timing of each type of cell activity observed. The activity of individual neurons in the SMA, APA, CMAr, CMAc and MC will be recorded in monkeys performing a variety of tasks that require them to make visually guided limb movements. These tasks are specifically designed to determine whether the activity of each cell is of the target-dependent variety, to rule out several alternative explanations for such activity, and to extend these findings to other tasks that also require the animal to capture the same visual target in quite different ways. The specific aims are 1: To ascertain for each cell whether the activity of that cell is directional and, if so, whether that activity is related to the location of the target/goal of the movement (target-dependent activity) or to the direction of limb movement (limb-dependent activity). These paradigms will also attempt to rule out the possibility that any target-dependent activity that is observed is related to the preparation for, or execution of, saccadic eye movements. 2: To determine for each cell with target-dependent activity whether that activity is a neural correlate of spatial memory. 3: To determine for each cell with target-dependent activity whether that activity is a neural correlate of selective attention. 4: To determine whether target-dependent activity can be observed in tasks that require the animal to capture the same visual targets by using entirely different limb movements. Two different approaches will be used: 1) the animal will 'capture" the target by making relatively unconstrained reaching movements in 3-dimensional space to a touchscreen mounted on the video monitor, and 2) the animal will perform the standard tracking task using the hand ipsilateral to the recorded neuron.

我们研究的广泛，长期目标是阐明性质 CNS中的运动处理1）通过证明神经相关性 不同级别的电机处理，2）通过比较不同的区域 为了阐明这些区域在运动控制中的不同作用。 这 当前的建议基于我们最近单元的结果 记录研究的恒河猴进行视觉引导，延迟， 跟踪任务。 大量细胞在 补充运动区域（SMA），运动皮层（MC）和pe骨相关 独立于肢体方向的运动的目标或目标 运动和独立于肌肉活动的模式。 我们的假设 是这种依赖目标的活动是非常 “捕获”目标或目标的高级运动过程 运动。 本项目的目标是1）彻底 表征使用这种高级，目标依赖性活动的性质 各种范式和2）检查弧形前运动区（APA） 除了尾部和尾部扣带回运动区域（CMAR和CMAC）外 SMA和MC以比较和对比这五个中心电动机 区域。 将进行比较 观察到每种类型的细胞活性的发生和时机。 活动 将记录SMA，APA，CMAR，CMAC和MC中的单个神经元 在执行各种任务的猴子中，需要它们在视觉上进行 引导的肢体运动。 这些任务是专门设计的，以确定 每个细胞的活性是否是靶依赖性的，to 排除几种此类活动的替代解释，并扩展 这些发现对其他要求动物捕获的任务的发现 以完全不同的方式相同的视觉目标。 具体目的是1： 确定每个细胞的活性是否为定向 而且，如果是这样，该活动是否与 运动的目标/目标（目标依赖性活动）或方向 肢体运动（肢体依赖性活动）。 这些范式也将 试图排除任何与目标依赖性活动的可能性 观察到与囊泡的准备或执行有关 眼动。 2：确定具有目标依赖性的每个单元 该活动是否是空间记忆的神经相关性。 3： 确定每个具有目标依赖性活动的细胞 活动是选择性注意的神经相关性。 4：确定 是否可以在需要的任务中观察到目标依赖性活动 动物通过完全不同的肢体捕获相同的视觉目标 动作。 将使用两种不同的方法：1）动物将 ``捕获目标 在3维空间中，可以安装在视频监视器上的触摸屏，并 2）动物将使用手执行标准跟踪任务 记录神经元的同侧。