Physiological, Computational, and Psychological Approaches to Understanding Spatial Vision

理解空间视觉的生理、计算和心理学方法

• 批准号: 10446418
• 负责人: MICHAEL E. GOLDBERG
• 金额: $ 41.08万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-06-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10446418
• 关键词: Address; Area; Attention; Belief; Brain; Cell model; Cells; Data; Dependence; Disease; Eye Movements; Future; Lateral; Lead; Lesion; Location; Measures; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Morphologic artifacts; Motion; Motor; Neurons; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Physiological; Positioning Attribute; Procedures; Psychophysics; Reporting; Resolution; Retina; Saccades; Sampling; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Training; Update; Visual; Visual Perception; Weight; attentional modulation; frontal eye fields; lateral intraparietal area; neural network; novel therapeutics; predictive modeling; psychologic; receptive field; response; retinal imaging; simulation; spatial vision

Project Summary Every time we make a saccade, the retinal image of the world changes drastically, yet the world appears stable to us. Patients with parietal cortex lesions do not have the ability view the world stably across saccades. This trans-saccadic visual stability (TSVS) problem has received renewed attention since the discovery of receptive- field (RF) remapping: Some cells in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), frontal eye fields (FEF), and other brain areas shift their current, pre-saccadic RFs (cRFs) toward their future, post-saccadic RFs (fRFs), even before the saccadic onset (forward shift). These cells likely contribute to TSVS by predicting and comparing retinal images across saccades. However, under certain circumstances FEF neurons shift their RFs toward the saccade target (convergent shift), instead of toward fRFs (forward shift). This raises many important questions including 1) whether the forward RF shift, a leading physiological substrate for TSVS, actually exists in LIP and FEF; 2) whether these areas differ in their peri-saccadic RF dynamics; 3) whether LIP and FEF cells have both convergent and forward shifts; and 4) if so, what underlying mechanisms could explain them. Furthermore, it is widely assumed that the forward and convergent RF shifts produce, respectively, the observed forward and convergent mislocalization around the saccade onset, but the assumption has not been carefully evaluated. Here we will address these questions by simultaneously recording LIP and FEF neurons, modeling circuit mechanisms for the RF shifts, analyzing the shifts' perceptual implications, and testing new predictions. Our preliminary data suggest that on average, LIP and FEF are biased toward the forward and convergent shifts, respectively. Importantly, the convergent shift first appears in a delay period when the saccade command, and thus its corollary discharge (CD), are suppressed. This leads to our hypothesis that unlike the forward shift known to be produced by the saccade CD, the convergent shift is produced by saccade planning/attention to the target. While CD-gated lateral connections can explain the forward shift, we further hypothesize that attention- modulated center/surround connections account for the convergent shift. We will demonstrate that both connectivity patterns emerge automatically in neural networks trained on a memory-saccade task related to TSVS. Perceptually, our analysis indicates that RF shifts in one direction produce either no mislocalization or a mislocalization in the opposite direction, and that peri-saccadic mislocalization is confounded by mislocalization induced by retinal motion alone. We will test many predictions of our models including that the forward shift grows with saccadic amplitude whereas the convergent shift peaks at an intermediate distance between cells' cRFs and the target, and that convergent RF shifts during the delay period generate a divergent mislocalization. The project will help resolve a main controversy regarding RF shifts in LIP and FEF, provide a mechanistic and functional account of the two shift types, and clarify the perceptual consequences of RF shifts. Understanding TSVS may lead to therapeutic strategies for patients whose brain lesions have interfered with it.

项目概要 每次我们进行扫视时，世界的视网膜图像都会发生巨大变化，但世界看起来是稳定的 对我们来说。顶叶皮质病变的患者不具备在眼跳中稳定地观察世界的能力。这 自从发现接受性视觉稳定性（TSVS）问题以来，跨眼跳视觉稳定性（TSVS）问题再次受到关注。 视野 (RF) 重新映射：外侧顶叶区域 (LIP)、额叶视野 (FEF) 和其他大脑中的一些细胞 区域将当前的扫视前 RF (cRF) 转向未来的扫视后 RF (fRF)，甚至在 扫视开始（前移）。这些细胞可能通过预测和比较视网膜图像来促进 TSVS 跨越眼跳。然而，在某些情况下，FEF 神经元会将其 RF 转向眼跳目标 （收敛移位），而不是朝向 fRF（前移）。这提出了许多重要问题，包括 1) 前向射频偏移（TSVS 的主要生理基质）是否确实存在于 LIP 和 FEF 中； 2） 这些区域的扫视周围 RF 动态是否不同； 3）LIP和FEF细胞是否同时具有 收敛和前移； 4）如果是这样，什么潜在机制可以解释它们。此外，它是 人们普遍认为，前向和会聚射频偏移分别产生观察到的前向和会聚射频偏移 扫视起始点周围的收敛性错误定位，但该假设尚未经过仔细评估。这里 我们将通过同时记录 LIP 和 FEF 神经元、模拟电路机制来解决这些问题 针对 RF 变化，分析变化的感知影响并测试新的预测。我们的初步数据 表明平均而言，LIP 和 FEF 分别偏向前移和收敛偏移。 重要的是，收敛偏移首先出现在扫视命令的延迟期内，因此它的 伴随放电（CD）被抑制。这导致我们的假设与已知的前移不同 由扫视 CD 产生，收敛偏移由扫视计划/对目标的关注产生。 虽然 CD 门控横向连接可以解释前移，但我们进一步假设注意力 调制的中心/环绕连接解释了收敛偏移。我们将证明两者 连接模式在接受过与以下相关的记忆扫视任务训练的神经网络中自动出现 TSVS。从感觉上看，我们的分析表明，射频向一个方向的移动要么不会产生误定位，要么会产生 相反方向的错误定位，并且扫视周围的错误定位与错误定位相混淆 仅由视网膜运动引起。我们将测试我们模型的许多预测，包括前移 随着扫视幅度增长，而收敛位移峰值在细胞之间的中间距离处 cRF 和目标，以及延迟期间会聚的 RF 偏移会产生发散的误定位。 该项目将有助于解决有关 LIP 和 FEF 中 RF 变化的主要争议，提供机械和 两种转变类型的功能解释，并阐明 RF 转变的感知后果。理解 TSVS 可能会为那些脑部病变对其造成干扰的患者带来治疗策略。