Principles of olfactory reward processing in the human brain

人脑嗅觉奖励处理原理

基本信息

批准号：
10410495
负责人：
Christina Maria Zelano
金额：
$ 48.1万
依托单位：
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-01 至 2026-08-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10410495
关键词：
Address Animal Behavior Animals Anterior Architecture Behavior Behavioral Brain Complex Cues Data Decision Making Desire for food Detection Development Dissociation Dopamine Eating Eating Disorders Environment Event Food Food Processing Foundations Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Funding Future Goals Human Hunger Image Impairment Individual Knowledge Lateral Lead Learning Mate Selections Memory Methods Midbrain structure Modality Modeling Motivation Network-based Neuraxis Neurons Odors Olfactory Cortex Outcome Pattern Perception Play Positioning Attribute Property Protocols documentation Psychological reinforcement Psychometrics Psychophysics Research Rewards Role Satiation Schizophrenia Sensory Signal Transduction Site Sleep Deprivation Smell Perception Strawberries Techniques Testing Time Transcranial magnetic stimulation Update Work addiction base clinically relevant diagnostic biomarker expectation experimental study field study innovation insight learned behavior neural correlate neuroimaging neuromechanism neuropsychiatric disorder neuropsychiatry noninvasive brain stimulation novel novel diagnostics novel therapeutic intervention piriform cortex reinforcer relating to nervous system response reward processing theories

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY A crucial function of the central nervous system is to bias behavior toward events and outcomes that hold relevance for survival. It is well recognized that odors have a strong effect on animal behavior, as they guide food search, maternal bonding, and mate selection. Even though humans do not consider olfaction to be a dominant sense, humans are similarly swayed by the rewarding properties of odors. With recent developments in the pattern-based analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, we are now in a position to explore the neural mechanisms of olfactory reward in humans. During the previous funding cycle, we gained key insights into how odor rewards are represented in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and how the dopaminergic midbrain may support these representations. The objective of the current renewal application is to capitalize on these novel methods in order to address new questions arising from these initial findings about the neural mechanisms of odor-guided behavior in humans. Specifically, we will use OFC-targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and novel behavioral tasks that involve food odors as rewards to reveal the specific contribution of different OFC networks to decision making. Moreover, the proposed studies will combine network-based TMS with pattern-based fMRI to elucidate the neural mechanisms that drive learning about the identity of future odor rewards. Complementary studies will examine how one’s motivational state modulates perceptional and neural responses to food odors, such that they can aid the detection of biologically relevant rewards in the environment. Together the experiments proposed in this project will fundamentally extend our understanding of olfactory reward processing in the human brain at the functional and mechanistic level, with implications for neuroscientific research on learning, memory, and behavior in general. Moreover, the findings from this work can lead to a better understanding of the behavioral deficits described in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, including Schizophrenia, eating disorders, and addiction, and may ultimately provide insights into the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

项目概要中枢神经系统的一个重要功能是使行为偏向于发生的事件和结果众所周知，气味对动物行为有很大影响，因为它们指导着动物的行为。尽管人类并不认为嗅觉是一种食物搜索、母性联系和择偶。从某种意义上说，随着最近的发展，人类同样受到气味的有益特性的影响。对功能性磁共振成像 (fMRI) 数据和非侵入性大脑进行基于模式的分析刺激技术，我们现在能够探索嗅觉奖励的神经机制在上一个融资周期中，我们获得了关于气味奖励如何体现的重要见解。眶额皮质（OFC），以及多巴胺能中脑如何支持这些表征。当前续订应用程序的目标是利用这些新颖的方法来解决新的问题这些关于人类气味引导行为的神经机制的初步发现引发了一些问题。具体来说，我们将使用 OFC 靶向经颅磁刺激 (TMS) 和新颖的行为任务将食物气味作为奖励，以揭示不同 OFC 网络对决策的具体贡献。此外，拟议的研究将结合基于网络的 TMS 和基于模式的 fMRI 来阐明推动了解未来气味奖励身份的神经机制将成为补充研究。检查一个人的动机状态如何调节对食物气味的感知和神经反应，从而它们可以帮助检测环境中与生物相关的奖励。该项目中提出的方法将从根本上扩展我们对嗅觉奖励处理的理解人脑在功能和机械层面上的研究，对学习的神经科学研究具有影响，此外，这项工作的发现可以帮助我们更好地理解记忆和行为。各种神经精神疾病中描述的行为缺陷，包括精神分裂症、饮食疾病和成瘾，并可能最终为新型诊断和治疗的发展提供见解。治疗方法。