Molecular basis of adaptation in a chemosensory system

化学感应系统适应的分子基础

• 批准号: 10410734
• 负责人: Hany Dweck
• 金额: $ 12.32万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-02-10 至 2027-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10410734
• 关键词: Adaptive Behaviors; Address; Affect; Agriculture; Alleles; Behavior; Behavioral; Binding Sites; Biological; Biological Models; Biology; CRISPR/Cas technology; Candidate Disease Gene; Cells; Chemicals; Code; Complex; Cues; Cytochrome P450; Drosophila genus; Electrophysiology (science); Enhancers; Environment; Enzymes; Evolution; Family; Fruit; Gene Combinations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Models; Glutathione S-Transferase; Goals; In Situ Hybridization; Individual; Insect Control; Insect Vectors; Insecta; Knowledge; Label; Lead; Leg; Logic; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Genetics; Molecular Target; Neuraxis; Neurons; Organism; Oviposition; Pattern; Perception; Persons; Plants; Play; RNA; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Role; Stimulus; System; Taste Perception; Testing; Toxin; base; design; economic implication; egg; experimental study; fly; human disease; loss of function mutation; mutant; preference; receptor; response; sensory system; taste system; tool; transcriptome sequencing; vector

Project Summary The long-term goal of this project is to elucidate at the molecular and cellular levels how chemosensory systems function and evolve so as to generate new behaviors that are adaptive to new environments. It focuses on one of the most ancient and fundamental problems in biology: how sensory systems adapt to allow an organism to exploit a new environment. Drosophila suzukii provides an excellent opportunity to decipher chemosensory mechanisms that have contributed to its unique oviposition behavior. Whereas other species of Drosophila lay eggs in fermenting fruit of no value, D. suzukii lays eggs in ripe fruit, ruining crops. The oviposition preferences of flies are based largely on taste. This proposal takes advantage of the wealth of knowledge about the mechanisms of taste in D. melanogaster. We aim to elucidate how these mechanisms have changed in D. suzukii to produce a preference for ripe, as opposed to overripe, fruits. The first aim will provide a rigorous analysis of the expression and functional requirements of candidate genes in the oviposition shift of D. suzukii. The experimental plan is designed to test hypotheses as to molecular mechanisms underlying the oviposition shift of D. suzukii. The second aim will provide a rigorous analysis of the role of candidate genes in oviposition preference for individual candidate oviposition cues. The proposed experiments are designed to identify key oviposition cues, to test them behaviorally, and to examine the role of candidate genes in the oviposition preference to them. The third aim takes advantage of a recent advance in electrophysiology that allows an unprecedented view of how a taste system has evolved at the cellular level. It will elucidate the cellular basis of a major shift in oviposition behavior that has immense economic implications. It may decipher the molecular logic of taste coding of a complex natural stimulus. Advances in understanding how the chemosensory systems function and evolve may lead to new means of controlling agricultural pests and insect vectors of human diseases, which afflict hundreds of millions of people each year.

项目概要 该项目的长期目标是在分子和细胞水平上阐明化学感应如何 系统的功能和发展是为了产生适应新环境的新行为。它重点 生物学中最古老和最根本的问题之一：感觉系统如何适应以允许 有机体探索新环境。 铃木果蝇为破译化学感应机制提供了绝佳的机会 促成了其独特的产卵行为。而其他种类的果蝇则在发酵的水果中产卵 铃木果蝇毫无价值，它在成熟的果实中产卵，毁坏农作物。苍蝇的产卵偏好很大程度上取决于 就口味而言。该提议利用了有关 D 味觉机制的丰富知识。 黑腹果蝇。我们的目的是阐明这些机制如何在 D. suzukii 中发生变化以产生偏好 成熟的水果，而不是过熟的水果。 第一个目标将对候选人的表达和功能要求进行严格分析 D. suzukii 产卵转变的基因。该实验计划旨在检验有关分子的假设 D. suzukii 产卵转变的机制。 第二个目标将对候选基因在产卵偏好中的作用进行严格分析 个别候选者的产卵线索。所提出的实验旨在确定关键的产卵 线索，对它们进行行为测试，并检查候选基因在它们的产卵偏好中的作用。 第三个目标利用了电生理学的最新进展，使得前所未有的 味觉系统如何在细胞水平上进化的观点。它将阐明重大转变的细胞基础 具有巨大经济影响的产卵行为。它可以破译味道编码的分子逻辑 复杂的自然刺激。 了解化学感应系统如何发挥作用和进化的进展可能会带来新的方法 控制困扰数亿人的农业害虫和人类疾病的昆虫媒介 每年。