Multisensory Pathways and Plasticity Following Partial and Full Vision Loss

部分和全部视力丧失后的多感觉通路和可塑性

• 批准号: 10405042
• 负责人: SHINSUKE SHIMOJO
• 金额: $ 39.38万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10405042
• 关键词: Address; Advanced Development; Affect; Age related macular degeneration; Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory area; Behavioral; Blindness; Brain; Characteristics; Degenerative Disorder; Depth Perception; Development; Devices; Environment; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Illusions; Image; Imagination; Individual; Intuition; Island; Knowledge; Lead; Light; Location; Maps; Measures; Modality; Motion; Ocular Prosthesis; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Play; Process; Prosthesis; Prosthetic rehabilitation; Protocols documentation; Psychophysics; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Residual state; Retina; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Role; Scotoma; Sensory Aids; Solid; Space Perception; Speech; Stimulus; Tactile; Theoretical model; Training; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields; Visual Illusions; Visual Perception; Visual impairment; Visually Impaired Persons; auditory processing; auditory stimulus; base; behavioral response; blind; experience; experimental study; fovea centralis; insight; mental imagery; multimodality; multisensory; neural correlate; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; next generation; rehabilitation paradigm; relating to nervous system; restoration; retinal prosthesis; sensory cortex; sensory prosthesis; sensory substitution; sound; tool; visual imagery; visual processing; visual stimulus

Project Summary The visual cortex is known to change its functional map and connectivity with other cortical regions following partial or full vision loss, including significant repurposing among the other senses such as audition. What is unclear is whether such crossmodal incursion alters the multimodal pathways and multisensory integration of the various senses. Also, it is not yet known under what vision loss conditions (such as central vision loss with Age-Related Macular Degeneration, peripheral vision loss with Retinitis Pigmentosa, or full vision loss due to numerous causes) multisensory integration is facilitated (or suppressed), and whether these changes vary with retinal location. Such knowledge is critical to develop a more complete theoretical model of multisensory integration; to better evaluate potential for rehabilitation in those with vision loss; to provide a solid basis for the development of advanced retinal prostheses, sensory aids, and sensory substitution devices; and to develop optimal multisensory training and rehabilitation paradigms following visual restoration. To this end, we propose to determine the spatial and temporal characteristics of auditory-visual (A-V) integration in individuals with low vision (Specific Aim 1). More specifically, we will use a set of auditory-visual illusions as a psychophysical tool to determine the degree of A-V integration in various retinal locations as a function of both eccentricity from the fovea and proximity to regions of visual loss. We also propose to examine the viability of visual processing and crossmodal integration in those with low vision and the late blind by employing both A-V illusions and mental imagery (Specific Aim 2). We will determine whether multisensory integration from imagined visual stimuli can integrate with real auditory stimuli in the late blind to change the perceived location of auditory stimuli, including auditory spatial perception in the horizontal plane and in depth. The results from these two aims will provide an assessment of the key characteristics of auditory-visual interactions in the blind and those with low vision, and will identify differences in these multisensory interactions that are specific to the cause of vision loss. We also plan to identify the neural correlates of such crossmodal interactions and integrations using fMRI imaging (Specific Aim 3). We will examine key differences in visual cortical activity, as well as the connectivity patterns among auditory, visual, and multisensory cortices, by comparing low vision and late blind participants with sighted controls. A comprehensive understanding of the multisensory processing capabilities of low vision and late blind individuals will provide crucial insights into the consequences of functional reorganization in the human brain, and will also pave the way for advanced multisensory aids, visual prostheses, and rehabilitation protocols.

项目概要 众所周知，视觉皮层会改变其功能图以及与其他皮层区域的连接性 部分或全部视力丧失，包括其他感官的显着改变，例如听觉。 目前尚不清楚这种跨模式侵入是否会改变多模式通路和多感觉整合 此外，目前尚不清楚在什么情况下视力丧失（例如中央视力丧失）。 年龄相关性黄斑变性、色素性视网膜炎导致的周边视力丧失或由于视网膜色素变性而导致的完全视力丧失 由于多种原因）多感觉整合被促进（或抑制），以及这些变化是否有所不同 这些知识对于开发更完整的多感觉理论模型至关重要。 整合；更好地评估视力丧失患者的康复潜力； 开发先进的视网膜假体、感觉辅助设备和感觉替代设备； 视觉恢复后的最佳多感官训练和康复范例。 为此，我们建议确定听觉视觉（A-V）的空间和时间特征 弱视个体的整合（具体目标 1）。更具体地说，我们将使用一组听觉-视觉。 错觉作为心理物理学工具来确定不同视网膜位置的 A-V 整合程度 我们还建议，它是距中央凹的偏心率和与视力丧失区域的接近度的函数。 检查低视力和晚期失明者的视觉处理和跨模式整合的可行性 通过使用 A-V 错觉和心理意象（具体目标 2），我们将确定是否是多感官的。 来自想象的视觉刺激的整合可以在后期盲态改变中与真实的听觉刺激整合 听觉刺激的感知位置，包括水平面和内部的听觉空间感知 这两个目标的结果将提供对听觉视觉关键特征的评估。 盲人和弱视者之间的互动，并将识别这些多感官互动中的差异 我们还计划确定这种跨模式的神经相关性。 使用 fMRI 成像进行相互作用和整合（具体目标 3）。 皮层活动，以及听觉、视觉和多感觉皮层之间的连接模式， 将低视力和晚期失明参与者与视力正常的对照组进行比较。 全面了解低视力和晚期盲人的多感官处理能力 个人将对人脑功能重组的后果提供重要的见解， 还将为先进的多感官辅助设备、视觉假肢和康复方案铺平道路。