CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS AND UNINTENDED PREGNANCY

避孕效果和意外怀孕

• 批准号: 2204321
• 负责人: JACQUELINE E. DARROCH
• 金额: $ 11.87万
• 依托单位: GUTTMACHER INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-03-15 至 1997-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2204321
• 关键词: United States; contraceptives; drug screening /evaluation; epidemiology; female; female antifertility drug; field study; health behavior; health surveys; human data; induced abortion; interview; longitudinal human study; nondrug contraceptive; oral contraceptives; pregnancy; sex behavior; socioeconomics; statistics /biometry; women's health

Unintended pregnancy is an issue of substantial personal and social concern in the United States. Efforts to reduce its level center around improving contraceptive use among sexually active couples at risk of unintended pregnancy. The proposed project would increase our knowledge about the relationship between contraceptive method use and unintended pregnancy. We would estimate one important indicator of success among American couples using contraceptives--the proportions of method users who become accidently pregnant while using a method (use-failure rates). We would determine the extent to which this indicator differs across contraceptive methods and across subgroups of users, as well as investigate changes between the mid- 1980s and early 1990s and the trends in use-failure rates over 6-, 12- and 24-month periods of use. For the U.S. as a whole we would estimate total and sociodemographic subgroup- specific levels of pregnancy and unintended pregnancy and analyze components of change over time, including the contribution of changes in contraceptive use patterns and effectiveness. To accomplish these goals, we would field a survey of a nationally representative sample of approximately 9,500 women having abortions in order to gather information on contraceptive use at time of conception and on other sociodemographic characteristics unavailable from other sources. We would use these data, together with already available national abortion statistics, to assess the accuracy of abortion reporting in the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). If unintended pregnancies that ended in abortion are underreported in the 1995 NSFG, as they have been in all past NSFGs and other national surveys of women's reproductive behavior that have been examined, we would use procedures developed under a prior NICHD grant to correct NSFG data for abortion underreporting and to calculate more accurate measures of contraceptive use-failure than would be possible from the NSFG alone. Using these corrected estimates, we would examine sociodemographic characteristics of women associated with contraceptive success. Findings from this project would contribute to monitoring the Year 2000 Objectives and help direct their achievement; they would assist those trying to choose among contraceptive methods and those seeking to provide them with accurate information; and, they would provide assistance to other researchers in the use of NSFG data for analysis of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes.

意外怀孕是一个重大的个人和社会问题 美国的担忧。 降低其水平的努力集中在 改善性活跃夫妇的避孕措施使用情况 意外怀孕。 拟议的项目将增加我们的知识 关于避孕方法的使用与意外避孕之间的关系 怀孕。 我们将估计成功的一个重要指标 使用避孕药具的美国夫妇——方法使用者的比例 在使用某种方法时意外怀孕的人（使用失败率）。 我们将确定该指标在不同地区之间的差异程度 避孕方法和不同用户群体，以及 调查 20 世纪 80 年代中期至 90 年代初期的变化及趋势 6、12 和 24 个月使用期间的使用故障率。 对于 作为一个整体，我们将估计美国的总人口和社会人口亚组 - 具体怀孕程度和意外怀孕情况并分析 随着时间的推移变化的组成部分，包括变化的贡献 避孕药具的使用方式和有效性。 为了实现这些目标， 我们将对具有全国代表性的样本进行调查 大约 9,500 名妇女为了收集信息而堕胎 关于受孕时避孕药具的使用和其他社会人口统计 从其他来源无法获得的特征。 我们会使用这些数据， 结合已有的国家堕胎统计数据，评估 1995 年全国家庭调查中堕胎报告的准确性 增长（NSFG）。 如果意外怀孕导致堕胎 1995 年 NSFG 中的报告不足，就像过去所有 NSFG 中一样 其他关于妇女生育行为的全国性调查 经过检查，我们将使用根据 NICHD 先前拨款开发的程序 纠正 NSFG 堕胎漏报数据并计算更多 避孕药具使用失败的准确测量 仅来自 NSFG。 使用这些修正后的估计，我们将检查 与避孕相关的妇女的社会人口特征 成功。 该项目的调查结果将有助于监测 2000 年目标并帮助指导其实现；他们会协助 那些试图选择避孕方法的人和那些寻求避孕方法的人 向他们提供准确的信息；并且，他们会提供 协助其他研究人员使用 NSFG 数据进行分析 妊娠和妊娠结局。