CHROMOSOME MOVEMENT IN MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS

减数分裂和有丝分裂中的染色体运动

• 批准号: 2183724
• 负责人: Sharyn A. Endow
• 金额: $ 25.81万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-07-01 至 1995-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2183724
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; cell cycle; chromosome movement; egg /ovum; gender difference; immunocytochemistry; in situ hybridization; laboratory rabbit; meiosis; microtubule associated protein; mutant; northern blottings; nucleic acid sequence; protein transport; sperm; tissue /cell culture

The long-term objectives of these studies are to obtain information regarding the regulation of chromosome distribution in higher organisms. The goal is to identify and characterize the forces required for chromosome movement in dividing cells, and determine their roles in chromosome distribution. This proposal concerns nonclaret disjunctional+ (ncd+). Its mutant phenotype of frequent nondisjunction and loss of chromosomes implicates ncd+ in the process of meiotic chromosome segregation in Drosophila females. The predicted ncd+ protein is strikingly similar to the microtubule motor molecule, kinesin. The proposed studies are designed to test two hypotheses. The first is that ncd+ is a motor molecule that acts in oocytes to mediate chromosome movements needed for proper distribution of chromosomes in meiosis. The second hypothesis is that proteins similar to ncd+ are needed to perform a similar role in spermatocytes and in mitosis. Specific aims are the following: 1.The role of ncd+ in chromosome distribution will be determined by examining its motility properties, cytological location, and the time of action and effect of mutants on chromosome distribution. A genetic screen will be carried out to identify proteins that interact with ncd+. 2.Genes that encode candidates for the ncd+-like proteins that are predicted to act in spermatocytes and in mitotic cells will be identified, isolated and characterized. Male-specific and mitotic homologues will be compared with ncd+ to identify regions of similarity, which may be important functionally, and regions that differ, which may indicate differences in chromosome segregation in meiosis and mitosis. Results of the proposed studies will lead to information regarding the role of ncd+ in chromosome distribution in oocytes, and the identification and isolation of genes that encode ncd+-like proteins that function in spermatocytes and in mitotically dividing cells . This information will contribute to our understanding of the molecular forces needed for proper chromosome distribution in dividing cells. Defects in chromosome distribution have harmful consequences for the organism including aneuploidy, infertility and lethality.

这些研究的长期目标是获取信息 关于高等生物中染色体分布的调节。 目标是确定和描述所需的力量 分裂细胞中的染色体运动，并决定它们在分裂细胞中的作用 染色体分布。 该提案涉及非紫红色析取+ (ncd+)。 它的突变体 频繁不分离和染色体丢失的表型暗示 ncd+在果蝇减数分裂染色体分离过程中的作用 女性。 预测的 ncd+ 蛋白与 微管运动分子，驱动蛋白。 拟议的研究旨在检验两个假设。 第一个 ncd+ 是一种运动分子，在卵母细胞中发挥作用以介导 染色体正确分布所需的染色体运动 减数分裂。 第二个假设是与 ncd+ 相似的蛋白质是 需要在精母细胞和有丝分裂中发挥类似的作用。 具体目标如下： 1. ncd+在染色体分布中的作用将由下式确定 检查其运动特性、细胞学位置和时间 突变体对染色体分布的作用和影响。 遗传性 将进行筛选以确定与 ncd+ 相互作用的蛋白质。 2. 编码 ncd+ 样蛋白候选基因 预计在精母细胞和有丝分裂细胞中起作用 识别、分离和表征。 雄性特异性和有丝分裂 同源物将与 ncd+ 进行比较，以确定相似区域， 功能上可能很重要，以及不同的区域，这可能 表明减数分裂和有丝分裂中染色体分离的差异。 拟议研究的结果将产生有关以下方面的信息 ncd+ 在卵母细胞染色体分布中的作用，以及 鉴定和分离编码 ncd+ 样蛋白的基因 在精母细胞和有丝分裂细胞中发挥作用。这 信息将有助于我们对分子力的理解 分裂细胞中染色体正确分布所必需的。 缺陷于 染色体 分布对生物体产生有害后果，包括 非整倍体、不育和致死率。