CHROMOSOME MOVEMENT IN MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS

减数分裂和有丝分裂中的染色体运动

• 批准号: 3305613
• 负责人: Sharyn A. Endow
• 金额: $ 27.19万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-07-01 至 1995-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3305613
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; cell cycle; chromosome movement; egg /ovum; gender difference; immunocytochemistry; in situ hybridization; laboratory rabbit; meiosis; microtubule associated protein; mutant; northern blottings; nucleic acid sequence; protein transport; sperm; tissue /cell culture

The long-term objectives of these studies are to obtain information regarding the regulation of chromosome distribution in higher organisms. The goal is to identify and characterize the forces required for chromosome movement in dividing cells, and determine their roles in chromosome distribution. This proposal concerns nonclaret disjunctional+ (ncd+). Its mutant phenotype of frequent nondisjunction and loss of chromosomes implicates ncd+ in the process of meiotic chromosome segregation in Drosophila females. The predicted ncd+ protein is strikingly similar to the microtubule motor molecule, kinesin. The proposed studies are designed to test two hypotheses. The first is that ncd+ is a motor molecule that acts in oocytes to mediate chromosome movements needed for proper distribution of chromosomes in meiosis. The second hypothesis is that proteins similar to ncd+ are needed to perform a similar role in spermatocytes and in mitosis. Specific aims are the following: 1.The role of ncd+ in chromosome distribution will be determined by examining its motility properties, cytological location, and the time of action and effect of mutants on chromosome distribution. A genetic screen will be carried out to identify proteins that interact with ncd+. 2.Genes that encode candidates for the ncd+-like proteins that are predicted to act in spermatocytes and in mitotic cells will be identified, isolated and characterized. Male-specific and mitotic homologues will be compared with ncd+ to identify regions of similarity, which may be important functionally, and regions that differ, which may indicate differences in chromosome segregation in meiosis and mitosis. Results of the proposed studies will lead to information regarding the role of ncd+ in chromosome distribution in oocytes, and the identification and isolation of genes that encode ncd+-like proteins that function in spermatocytes and in mitotically dividing cells . This information will contribute to our understanding of the molecular forces needed for proper chromosome distribution in dividing cells. Defects in chromosome distribution have harmful consequences for the organism including aneuploidy, infertility and lethality.

这些研究的长期目标是获取信息 关于较高生物体中染色体分布的调节。 目标是识别和表征 染色体在分裂细胞中的运动，并确定它们在 染色体分布。 该提案涉及非claret脉冲+（NCD+）。 它的突变体 频繁的非分离和染色体丢失的表型与 NCD+在果蝇中减数分裂染色体分离的过程中 女性。 预测的NCD+蛋白与 微管运动分子，动力素。 拟议的研究旨在检验两个假设。 第一个 是NCD+是一种运动分子，可作用于卵母细胞进行介导 适当分布染色体所需的染色体运动 减数分裂。 第二个假设是与NCD+类似的蛋白质是 需要在精子细胞和有丝分裂中发挥相似的作用。 具体目的是以下： 1. NCD+在染色体分布中的作用将由 检查其运动特性，细胞学位置和时间 突变体对染色体分布的作用和影响。 遗传 将进行屏幕以识别与NCD+相互作用的蛋白质。 2.编码为NCD+类似蛋白的候选者的基因 预计将在精子细胞和有丝分裂细胞中起作用 确定，孤立和表征。 男性特异性和有丝分裂 同源物将与NCD+进行比较，以识别相似性的区域 这可能在功能上很重要，并且不同的区域可能 表示减数分裂和有丝分裂中染色体分离的差异。 拟议研究的结果将导致有关 NCD+在卵母细胞中染色体分布中的作用， 鉴定和隔离编码NCD+样蛋白的基因 在精子细胞和有丝分裂的细胞中的功能。这 信息将有助于我们对分子力的理解 需要在分裂细胞中适当的染色体分布。 缺陷 染色体 分配对生物有害后果，包括 非整倍性，不育症和致死性。