Characterizing malaria vector competence among natural populations of Anopheles

按蚊自然群体中疟疾媒介能力的特征

• 批准号: 10318655
• 负责人: Miriam K. Laufer
• 金额: $ 18.13万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-12-15 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10318655
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Africa; African; Anopheles Genus; Anopheles gambiae; Area; Beds; Behavior; Biological; Biological Assay; Biology; Blood; Child; Collaborations; Culicidae; Development; Eastern Africa; Ecology; Effectiveness; Ensure; Entomology; Epidemiologist; Female; Future; Genetic; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Geography; Goals; Heritability; Human; Immunity; Infection; Ingestion; Insecticide Resistance; Integration Host Factors; Intervention; Location; Malaria; Malawi; Measures; Membrane; Oocysts; Outcome; Parasites; Participant; Phase; Phenotype; Plasmodium; Plasmodium falciparum; Population; Predisposition; Prevalence; Reporting; Research; Rest; Sex Ratio; Siblings; Side; Site; Source; Southern Africa; Specimen; Sporozoites; Testing; Variant; base; cohort; demographics; density; design; experimental study; feeding; infection rate; international center; malaria infection; malaria transmission; preference; public health relevance; resistance mechanism; transmission process; vector; vector competence; vector control

PROJECT SUMMARY The burden of malaria remains high in many regions of Africa, despite widespread availability of malaria control measures. The recent report of increases in malaria infection rates in Africa highlights the need to ensure that current and future interventions target the key sources of malaria transmission in these settings. The susceptibility of an Anopheles mosquito to permit ingested Plasmodium gametocytes to develop fully to the transmissible sporozoite stage, or vector competence, remains poorly understood. In Malawi and many other regions in southern and eastern Africa, Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis are now the most common malaria vectors and may have important variability in vector competence that has not been considered in control and elimination efforts. Our long-term goal is to better understand the contributions of both humans and vectors to transmission of malaria parasites to design effective vector control strategies for the highest-burden regions of Africa. We have the unique opportunity to conduct a rigorous assessment of the vector competence of the key malaria vectors in Malawi through our on-going projects in the Malawi International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research (ICEMR). The proposed study is being led by an epidemiologist who serves as the project leader for a transmission study within the ICEMR that focuses on the human to vector phases of the cycle, and an entomologist who leads the ICEMR entomology core. We have established a well-functioning insectary and routinely collect live female Anopheles mosquitoes from several high transmission settings in the region. In addition, we are establishing a cohort of children and adults who will be followed to identify P. falciparum infections that contain gametocytes. We will use specimens collected from these gametocyte-infected donors to compare vector competence between colony-reared An. gambiae Kisumu and field-caught An. funestus and An. arabiensis to test the hypotheses that vector competence of natural An. funestus and An. arabiensis differs from each other and from the colony strain. We will further evaluate variation in vector competence among isofemale lines of the same Anopheles species to assess the heritability of vector competence. Finally, we propose comparing vector competence within the same species but from geographically isolated areas of Malawi. The expected outcomes of this proposal include estimates of vector competence for An. arabiensis and An. funestus. Identifying significant differences in vector competence among species, within species or based on region of origin, may indicate the need to investigate a genomic basis for vector competence. Our results will also impact the rational implementation of vector control measures in Malawi and other high transmission settings.

项目概要 尽管疟疾控制措施广泛实施，但非洲许多地区的疟疾负担仍然很高 措施。最近关于非洲疟疾感染率上升的报告强调需要确保 当前和未来的干预措施针对的是这些地区疟疾传播的主要来源。这 按蚊对允许摄入的疟原虫配子细胞完全发育为 对于传染性子孢子阶段或媒介能力仍知之甚少。在马拉维和许多其他国家 在非洲南部和东部地区，按蚊和阿拉伯按蚊现在是最常见的 疟疾媒介，媒介能力可能存在重大变异，但在控制中并未考虑到这一点 和消除努力。 我们的长期目标是更好地了解人类和媒介对传播的贡献 疟疾寄生虫的研究，为非洲负担最重的地区设计有效的病媒控制战略。我们 有独特的机会对主要疟疾的媒介能力进行严格评估 通过我们在马拉维国际疟疾卓越中心正在进行的项目，在马拉维传播媒介 研究（ICEMR）。拟议的研究由一位流行病学家领导，他是该项目的项目负责人 ICEMR 内的一项传播研究，重点关注周期中从人到媒介的阶段，以及 领导 ICEMR 昆虫学核心的昆虫学家。我们建立了一个运作良好的昆虫饲养场 定期从该地区几个高传播地区收集活的雌性按蚊。在 此外，我们正在建立一个儿童和成人队列，对他们进行追踪以识别恶性疟原虫 含有配子体的感染。我们将使用从这些配子体感染的捐赠者身上收集的样本来 比较群体饲养的 An 之间的载体能力。冈比亚基苏木和野外捕获的安。 funestus 和 An. arabiensis 来测试天然 An 的矢量能力的假设。 funestus 和 An.阿拉伯树不同于 彼此以及来自菌落菌株。我们将进一步评估异女性之间载体能力的差异 相同按蚊物种的品系，以评估媒介能力的遗传力。最后，我们建议 比较来自马拉维地理偏远地区的同一物种内的媒介能力。 该提案的预期结果包括对按蚊媒介能力的估计。阿拉伯树和 一个。福内斯特斯。识别物种间、物种内或基础上媒介能力的显着差异 关于起源区域，可能表明需要研究载体能力的基因组基础。我们的结果将 也影响了马拉维和其他高传播地区病媒控制措施的合理实施 设置。