UNDERSTANDING IMPLICATIONS OF GENETIC ATTRIBUTIONS FOR ADDICTION

了解遗传因素对成瘾的影响

• 批准号: 10176552
• 负责人: MATTHEW LEBOWITZ
• 金额: $ 24.88万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-01 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10176552
• 关键词: Adopted; Adult; Affect; Attention; Attitude; Award; Behavior; Behavioral; Belief; Bioethics; Biological; Biology; Chronic Disease; Clinical; Conceptions; Consequentialism; DNA; Disease; Educational Activities; Effectiveness; Ethics; Etiology; Expectancy; Free Will; Funding; Future; Gambling; General Population; Genes; Genetic; Genome; Goals; Health; Individual; Institutes; Interdisciplinary Study; Interview; Lead; Light; Location; Measures; Medical; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Mind; New York; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Patients; Perception; Persons; Plant Roots; Play; Policies; Population; Psychiatry; Psychotherapy; Public Policy; Qualitative Methods; Research; Research Activity; Research Personnel; Research Training; Role; Scholarship; Selection for Treatments; Self Efficacy; Social Policies; Substance Addiction; Substance Use Disorder; Symptoms; Testing; Training; Treatment Effectiveness; Treatment outcome; Universities; addiction; alcohol use disorder; base; body-mind; career; career development; clinical practice; cost; deviant; effective therapy; essentialism; ethical legal social implication; expectation; genome sciences; improved; member; policy implication; prognostic; psychologic; public education; social; social implication; trend

Addictive disorders are increasingly conceptualized as biomedical diseases with genetic roots. While conventional wisdom has suggested that attributing addictions to genetics should have many benefits, there is reason to suspect that it could have some unintended, negative consequences. In particular, genetic explanations for addictive disorders could lead to the perception that people with addictions lack agency or self-efficacy to overcome their symptoms and to the belief that non-biomedical treatments, such as psychotherapy, are unlikely to be effective. If these effects were to occur among people with addictions and the clinicians who treat them, meaningful negative clinical consequences—with potentially significant ethical, social, and policy implications—could result. This K99/R00 proposal is for a five-year sequence of research, training, and career development activities focused on studying the implications of genetic explanations for addiction and preparing the candidate to transition into a career as an independent ELSI researcher. These activities will take place at the New York State Psychiatric Institute, which is the primary location of research and educational activities for Columbia University’s Department of Psychiatry. The specific aims of the proposed research are: (1) to investigate the implications of genetic attributions for addiction among people with a substance addiction (alcohol use disorder) and people with a behavioral addiction (gambling disorder), by quantitatively analyzing the relationships between their endorsement of genetic explanations for their addictions and their levels of self-blame, expectancies about treatment effectiveness, and beliefs about their own agency and self-efficacy; (2) to examine the effects of genetic attributions for addiction among clinicians who treat addiction, by experimentally testing how a genetic explanation for addiction affects their ascriptions of blame to patients, their expectancies about treatment effectiveness, and their beliefs about patients’ agency, and (3) to explore the implications of genetic attributions for addiction in further depth, using qualitative interviews among people with addictions and clinicians who treat addictions. The candidate’s career goal is to conduct rigorous interdisciplinary research that contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the ways in which genetic and other biological explanations for behavior, identity, and health outcomes affect socially and clinically consequential beliefs and attitudes, as well as the ethical, societal, and policy implications of such effects. The proposed training in qualitative methods, genomic sciences, bioethics, and public policy will allow him to conduct research that informs clinical practice, public education campaigns, and social policy, and to help move the field toward an understanding of how best to facilitate accurate understandings of the genome— and its role in health, including mental health—among patients, clinicians, and members of the general public, without engendering or exacerbating negative or harmful beliefs and attitudes.

成瘾性疾病越来越多地被概念化为具有遗传根源的生物医学疾病。 传统观点认为，将成瘾归因于遗传应该有很多好处， 有理由怀疑它可能会产生一些意想不到的负面后果。 对成瘾性疾病的解释可能会导致人们认为成瘾者缺乏能动性或 克服症状的自我效能感，并相信非生物医学治疗，例如 如果这些影响发生在成瘾者和成瘾者身上，心理治疗就不太可能有效。 治疗他们的叛逆者，有意义的负面临床后果 - 具有潜在的重大道德， 社会和政策影响——可能会产生这个 K99/R00 提案是针对为期五年的研究， 培训和职业发展活动的重点是研究遗传解释的影响 成瘾，并为候选人过渡到独立 ELSI 研究员的职业生涯做好准备。 活动将在纽约州精神病学研究所进行，该研究所是研究的主要地点 哥伦比亚大学精神病学系的教育活动。 拟议的研究是：（1）调查遗传归因对人们成瘾的影响 患有物质成瘾（酒精使用障碍）和行为成瘾（赌博障碍）的人， 通过定量分析他们对遗传解释的认可之间的关系 成瘾及其自责程度、对治疗效果的期望以及对自己的信念 自己的能动性和自我效能；（2）检查遗传归因对成瘾的影响。 通过实验测试成瘾的基因解释如何影响他们的归因来治疗成瘾 对患者的责备、他们对治疗效果的期望以及他们对患者代理的信念， (3) 使用定性方法更深入地探讨遗传归因对成瘾的影响 对成瘾者和治疗成瘾者的采访 候选人的职业目标是 进行严格的跨学科研究，有助于全面了解 对行为、身份和健康结果的遗传和其他生物学解释会影响社会和 临床上重要的信念和态度，以及这些信念和态度的伦理、社会和政策影响 拟议的定性方法、基因组科学、生物伦理学和公共政策方面的培训将允许 他开展为临床实践、公共教育活动和社会政策提供信息的研究，并 帮助该领域了解如何最好地促进对基因组的准确理解—— 及其在健康方面的作用，包括在患者、羊群和公众中的心理健康， 不会产生或加剧消极或有害的信念和态度。