Wildfires and intentional biomass burning in California and Preterm Birth

加利福尼亚州的野火和故意燃烧生物质与早产

• 批准号: 10596999
• 负责人: Amy Michelle Padula
• 金额: $ 45.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-18 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10596999
• 关键词: 37 weeks gestation; Accounting; Address; Adult; Affect; Agriculture; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; American; Area; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Biomass; Birth; Birth Records; Burn injury; California; Categories; Censuses; Chemicals; Childhood; Communities; Community Surveys; Consumption; County; Data; Data Set; Disparity; Environmental Exposure; Ethnic Origin; Event; Exposure to; Fire - disasters; Future; Gestational Age; Health; High Prevalence; Housing; Income; Individual; Industrialization; Knowledge; Live Birth; Location; Measures; Modeling; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Mothers; Neighborhoods; Particulate Matter; Perinatal mortality demographics; Population; Poverty; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Premature Birth; Psychosocial Stress; Race; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Seasons; Second Pregnancy Trimester; Severities; Smoke; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Stress; Structure; Temperature; United States; Wildfire; Wood material; ambient air pollution; combustion product; consumer product; critical period; deprivation; fine particles; fire prevention; indexing; low socioeconomic status; perinatal health; pollutant; premature; prenatal exposure; residence; wasting

Project Summary Preterm birth is an important risk factor for perinatal mortality and adverse health consequences in childhood and adulthood. In the United States, approximately 10% of all live births were preterm (<37 weeks gestation) in 2012 and it continues to climb. Fresno County, in the San Joaquin Valley of California, is an area of known high air pollution burden and a high prevalence of preterm birth (12%). Wildfires are a significant and increasing source of air pollution in California (CA) that threaten to reverse the progress made over the past decades in air pollution reduction and their effects on pregnant women are not well understood. Furthermore, recent fires are occurring at the wildfire urban interface leading to biomass and structure burning. With increased exposure to wildfire smoke comes increasing concern of health effects of these exposures to inform future regulation. Other biomass burning sources are agricultural waste burning, prescribed burns, and residential wood burning which all can increase air pollution exposure but in more controlled settings and are generally performed during seasons outside the growing fire season. They differ in scope, temperature and chemical composition and may have less severe health effects compared to wildfires. We and other investigators have demonstrated preterm birth risk is sensitive to prenatal exposures to ambient air pollution, including criteria pollutants such as particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a product of incomplete combustion. Moreover, we have found stronger associations in neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic status. This double jeopardy of exposure to pollutants and poverty is hypothesized to contribute to disparities in preterm birth, but sufficient data are often lacking. To address the contribution of wildfire and other biomass burning smoke exposures on preterm birth, and how these relationships may be modified by neighborhood deprivation, we propose to compile a unique group of datasets of fire occurrence, air quality monitoring and modelling, and birth record data for CA (2008-2016) to evaluate the effects of wildfires and intentional burning (agricultural waste, residential wood, and prescribed burns) exposure on preterm birth and to evaluate if the effects differ by the Index of Concentration at the Extreme, a measure of neighborhood deprivation that accounts for extremes based on race/ethnicity and income by census tract. We will compare different models of fire exposure assessment and examine critical periods of pregnancy with regard to preterm birth, while controlling for season. This study will provide estimates of the impact of air pollution exposures from wildfires and other biomass burning on preterm birth. The findings have the potential to inform fire prevention and protection regulation for wildfires, agricultural waste burning, prescribed burns, and residential wood burning.

项目摘要 早产是围产期死亡率和不良健康后果的重要危险因素 童年和成年。在美国，所有活产的大约10％是早产（<37周 妊娠）在2012年继续攀升。加利福尼亚圣华金山谷的弗雷斯诺县是一个地区 已知的高空气污染负担和早产的高患病率（12％）。 野火是加利福尼亚（CA）的重要且越来越多的空气污染来源 在过去几十年中，在减少空气污染及其对孕妇的影响方面取得了进展 不太了解。此外，最近发生的大火发生在野火城市界面，导致生物质 和结构燃烧。随着野火烟雾的增加，人们对健康影响的关注不断增加 这些暴露以告知未来的法规。其他生物质燃烧来源是农业废物燃烧， 规定的烧伤和燃烧木材燃烧，所有这些都会增加空气污染的暴露，但更多 受控设置，通常在不断增长的火灾季节以外的季节进行。它们不同 与野火相比，范围，温度和化学成分的健康影响可能更少。 我们和其他研究人员表明，早产风险对产前暴露敏感 环境空气污染，包括标准污染物，例如颗粒物和多环芳族 碳氢化合物，一种不完全燃烧的产物。此外，我们发现了更牢固的关联 社会经济地位较低的社区。暴露于污染物和贫困的这种双重危险是 假设有助于早产的差异，但通常缺乏足够的数据。 解决野火和其他生物质燃烧烟雾对早产的贡献，以及 这些关系如何通过邻里剥夺来修改，我们建议汇编独特的群体 火灾发生，空气质量监测和建模的数据集以及CA的出生记录数据（2008-2016） 评估野火和故意燃烧的影响（农业废物，住宅木材和规定 烧伤）早产暴露，并评估效果是否因浓度指数在 极端，一种基于种族/种族和种族的极端的社区剥夺度量 人口普查收入。我们将比较不同的火灾暴露评估模型并检查关键 在控制季节的同时，关于早产的怀孕期。 这项研究将估计野火和其他生物质的空气污染暴露的影响 在早产时燃烧。这些发现有可能为防火和保护法规提供信息 野火，农业废物燃烧，处方燃烧和燃烧木材。