Analysis of a Large Family of Candidate Taste Receptors

候选味觉感受器大家族的分析

• 批准号: 10548207
• 负责人: John R Carlson
• 金额: $ 41.68万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-05-01 至 2026-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10548207
• 关键词: Animals; Attention; Biological Models; Cells; Code; Collection; Disease; Drosophila genus; Electrophysiology (science); Equilibrium; Family; Food; Freedom; Frequencies; Genes; Geography; Goals; Human; Immune Response Genes; Individual; Ingestion; Insect Control; Insect Vectors; Insecta; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Molecular; Molecular Genetics; Neurons; Olfactory Pathways; Organism; Partner in relationship; Persons; Physiological; Prevalence; Receptor Gene; Role; Source; Stimulus; System; Taste Buds; Taste Perception; Testing; Time; Toxin; base; design; experimental study; fly; gain of function; genetic analysis; human disease; innovation; insect disease vector; insight; loss of function; mutant; postsynaptic; receptor; response; sensory system; sugar; taste stimuli; taste system; transmission process; virtual

PROJECT SUMMARY The long-term goal of this project is to elucidate the mechanisms by which bitter tastants are detected and encoded. The experimental plan takes advantage of the fruit fly Drosophila as a model system, which allows molecular genetic analysis of taste genes and incisive electrophysiological analysis of taste function. The proposal takes advantage of a major advance in electrophysiology. Previous electrophysiological analysis of insect taste via "tip recording" was limited to the period during which taste neurons are in contact with a tastant. Technical innovation has now made it convenient to record the activity of taste neurons before, during, and after stimulation. It is now possible to analyze features of taste coding that have not been examined before. The first aim will determine the spontaneous firing frequency of taste neurons, and the molecular determinants of the frequency. It will examine whether inhibition of bitter taste neurons by bitter tastants occurs widely and represents a new degree of freedom for taste coding. The second aim proposes a precise and quantitative physiological analysis of OFF responses, which could not be observed with conventional electrophysiological analysis. The prevalence of these responses will be determined systematically. The study will test the hypothesis that the magnitude and dynamics of OFF responses carry information about the identity and intensity of taste stimuli. This aim should also provide information about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying OFF responses. Together this analysis should provide insight into a long-overlooked feature of taste coding. The third aim will define another remarkably understudied feature of taste coding: the inhibition of bitter neurons by sugars. It will quantify the inhibition of both spontaneous activity and OFF responses. The analysis will determine whether the inhibition depends on the quality and quantity of the sugar stimulus. The aim is also designed to provide insight into the mechanism of inhibition. Diseases carried by insects afflict hundreds of millions of people each year. These insects detect their human hosts largely through their chemosensory systems. Advances in understanding these chemosensory systems may lead to new means of manipulating them and of thereby controlling these insect vectors of human disease.

项目摘要 该项目的长期目标是阐明苦味剂的机制 检测和编码。实验计划利用果蝇果蝇作为 模型系统，该系统允许分子遗传分析味觉基因和敏锐的 味觉功能的电生理分析。 该提案利用了电生理学的重大进步。以前的 通过“尖端记录”对昆虫口味的电生理分析仅限于 哪种味道神经元与味道剂接触。技术创新现已实现 方便地记录刺激之前，期间和之后的味觉神经元活性。现在 可以分析以前尚未检查的味觉编码特征。 第一个目的将决定味觉神经元的自发触发频率，并确定 频率的分子决定因素。它将检查是否抑制苦味 苦味剂的神经元广泛发生，代表着一种新的品味自由度 编码。 第二个目的提出了OFF的精确和定量生理分析 反应，通过常规电生理分析无法观察到。这 这些反应的患病率将系统地确定。该研究将测试 假设关闭响应的幅度和动态带有有关 品味刺激的身份和强度。此目标还应提供有关蜂窝的信息 以及反应的基础机制。共同分析应提供 深入了解味觉编码的长期景点。 第三个目标将定义一个口味编码的另一个深入研究的特征： 糖抑制苦神经元。它将量化两种自发活动的抑制 和反应。分析将确定抑制是否取决于质量 和糖刺激的数量。其目的还旨在提供对 抑制机制。 昆虫携带的疾病每年遭受数亿人的困扰。这些 昆虫在很大程度上通过其化学水敏系统检测到人类宿主。进步 了解这些化学感应系统可能会导致操纵它们的新手段，并 从而控制了这些人类疾病的这些昆虫媒介。