Analysis of Chemosensory Receptor Genes

化学感应受体基因分析

• 批准号: 10320977
• 负责人: John R Carlson
• 金额: $ 35.43万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10320977
• 关键词: Affect; Alleles; Anatomy; Animals; Attention; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Models; Biology; Chemicals; Code; Communication; Complex; Courtship; Data; Detection; Disease; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Exposure to; Female; Food; Fruit; Gene Cluster; Genes; Geography; Goals; Human; Hybrids; Hydrocarbons; Individual; Insect Control; Insect Vectors; Insecta; Label; Lead; Leg; Life; Logic; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Molecular; Molecular Genetics; Mutation; Neurons; Odors; Operating System; Organ; Organism; Orthologous Gene; Output; Partner in relationship; Perception; Persons; Pheromone; Pheromone Receptors; Receptor Gene; Reporter; Role; Series; Sex Behavior; Signal Transduction; Specificity; System; Taste Perception; Technology; Testing; Tissues; Translating; base; connectome; design; experimental study; fly; gain of function; gene function; genetic analysis; human disease; insect disease vector; insight; loss of function; male; mating behavior; mutant; neural circuit; new technology; olfactory stimulus; optogenetics; postsynaptic neurons; receptor; response; sensory input; sex

PROJECT SUMMARY The long-term goal of this project is to elucidate basic principles of chemosensory perception. It seeks to explain at the molecular, cellular, and circuit levels how chemosensory information is encoded. The experimental plan takes advantage of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model system, which allows incisive molecular genetic analysis of chemosensory receptors, neurons, and circuits, and of the functions they perform. The project considers a kind of chemical information that underlies one of the most ancient and fundamental of biological problems: how an animal detects a mate of its own species. A cluster of four ionotropic receptor genes, IR52a, IR52b, IR52c, and IR52d, the chemosensory neurons in which they are expressed, and the circuitry they activate will be analyzed to test hypotheses about their role in mate detection. The first aim will provide a rigorous analysis of the expression and function of these genes in Drosophila melanogaster, as well as analyzing their counterparts from a related species. The experimental plan is designed to test hypotheses about the molecular logic of mate detection. The second aim takes advantage of a recent advance in electrophysiology that allows new analysis of the cellular responses to pheromones. The proposed experiments are designed to provide pheromone-to-neuron and pheromone-to-receptor maps of a chemosensory organ. The aim may also provide a new "empty pheromone neuron" system useful in analyzing pheromone receptors of a variety of species and in identifying compounds that activate or inhibit them. The third aim exploits a new means of labeling neural circuits. It measures the responses of second-order neurons to pheromones. It also tests the hypothesis that pheromonal input from taste neurons is combined with olfactory input at an early stage of processing, before ultimately being translated into behavioral output. Diseases carried by insects afflict hundreds of millions of people each year. These insects detect their mates and their human hosts largely through their chemosensory systems. Advances in understanding these chemosensory systems may lead to new means of manipulating them and of thereby controlling these insect vectors of human disease.

项目摘要 该项目的长期目标是阐明化学感应的基本原理 洞察力。它试图在分子，细胞和电路水平上解释如何化学感觉 信息已编码。实验计划利用了果蝇果蝇的优势 Melanogaster作为模型系统，允许尖锐的分子遗传分析 化学感应受体，神经元和电路以及它们执行的功能。 该项目认为是一种基于最大的化学信息 生物学问题的古老而基本的：动物如何发现自己的伴侣 物种。一个四个离子受体基因的簇，IR52A，IR52B，IR52C和IR52D， 它们表达的化学感应神经元，它们激活的电路将是 分析以检验其在伴侣检测中的作用的假设。 第一个目标将对这些的表达和功能进行严格的分析 果蝇中的基因，以及分析相关的对应物 物种。实验计划旨在测试有关分子逻辑的假设 伴侣检测。 第二个目标利用了最近的电生理学进步，允许 细胞对信息素的反应的新分析。提出的实验是 旨在提供信息素至神经元和信息素元素到受体图 化学感官。该目标还可能提供新的“空信息素神经元”系统 用于分析各种物种的信息素受体和鉴定化合物 激活或抑制它们。 第三个目标利用了标记神经回路的新方法。它测量 二阶神经元对信息素的反应。它还检验了以下假设 味觉神经元的信息符号输入与嗅觉输入结合在早期的早期阶段 处理，在最终转化为行为输出之前。 昆虫携带的疾病每年遭受数亿人的困扰。这些 昆虫在很大程度上通过其化学水敏系统检测他们的伴侣和人类宿主。 理解这些化学感应系统的进步可能会导致新的手段 操纵它们，从而控制这些人类疾病的这些昆虫媒介。