BINOCULAR FUNCTION IN STRABISMUS

斜视的双眼功能

• 批准号: 10547826
• 负责人: JONATHAN C HORTON
• 金额: $ 65.12万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-01 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10547826
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Amblyopia; Ambulatory Monitoring; American; Back; Binocular Vision; Cells; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Confusion; Data; Dependovirus; Development; Devices; Diplopia; Discrimination; Disease; Employment; Environment; Esotropia; Esthesia; Exophoria; Exotropia; Eye; Eye Movements; Frequencies; Fright; Genes; Genetic Techniques; Goals; Heart; Human; Image; Injections; Knock-out; Knowledge; Laboratory Research; Left; Lentivirus Vector; Location; Macaca; Maps; Measures; Methods; Monitor; Monkeys; Muscle Tonus; Natural History; Operative Surgical Procedures; Ophthalmologist; Parents; Patients; Perception; Peripheral; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Positioning Attribute; Prejudice; Prevention; Primates; Property; Quality of life; Recommendation; Research; Research Project Grants; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Role; Saccades; Scotoma; Sensory; Severity of illness; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Strabismus; System; Testing; Tetracyclines; Time; Toxin; United States; Vision; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual Perception; Work; area striata; awake; disease prognosis; eye hand coordination; follow-up; fovea centralis; individual patient; instrument; interest; interocular transfer; light weight; monocular; neural; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; observational cohort study; prevent; psychological distress; receptive field; response; retinotectal; retrograde transport; sample fixation; social; success; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; tetanospasmin; translational approach

Project Summary “Look me straight in the eye” a parent exhorts, but for some children it is impossible because one eye is deviated. In this condition, known as strabismus, stereovision may be lost and the deviated eye may develop amblyopia. Long term consequences include reduced eye-hand coordination, diminished quality of life, employment discrimination, social prejudice, and psychological distress. The overarching goal of this project is to discover why normal binocular vision fails in some children. When children lose fusion, they avoid diplopia by suppressing portions of the visual field seen with each eye. The development of these regions, called suppression scotomas, blocks the error signal that would normally induce an adjustment in extraocular eye muscle tone to bring the eyes back together. Ophthalmologists perform surgery to align eyes, but success rates are far from satisfactory, largely because the persistence of suppression robs children of the drive to recover fusion. To find better treatments, it is imperative to understand the neural basis of suppression. This project uses a translational approach: patients with strabismus are studied to characterize their deficits, and then these deficits are probed in nonhuman primates raised with an experimental form of strabismus that closely resembles the real disease. In Aim #1, studies are focused on children with exotropia, an outwards deviation of one eye. It is usually intermittent, but ophthalmologists tend to recommend surgery, for fear that an intermittent exotropia may progress to become constant, resulting in permanent loss of binocular function. In a longitudinal observational cohort study, patients will be outfitted with a wearable eyetracker to document the frequency of episodes of exotropia during the course of daily activities. The feasibility of using this device to track disease severity in individual patients will be investigated. Data will be collected over 5 years to elucidate the natural history of this condition. In Aim #2, a new chemogenetic technique will be used to silence retinal ganglion cells that project to the superior colliculus. The role these cells play in generating eye movements is unknown, because until now, no method has existed to selectively and reversibly block them. Exotropic monkeys will be examined to determine the impact on receptive field properties and the ability to make alternating saccades. In Aim #3, suppression scotomas will be mapped dichoptically in monkeys with exotropia. Once their layout is established, recordings will be made in the primary visual cortex, to compare responses of single cells to monocular vs. binocular stimulation. For binocular testing, stimuli will be delivered to the receptive field in one eye and to a location in the other eye that is displaced by the magnitude of the ocular deviation. The hypothesis is that cells with their receptive field located in regions where perception is suppressed under binocular viewing conditions will respond more weakly during binocular stimulation than during monocular stimulation. These cortical recordings, the first conducted in alert, behaving monkeys with strabismus, may reveal the neural basis of suppression by correlating single cell firing with visual perception.

项目摘要 “看我直视我”的父母劝告，但是对于某些孩子来说，这是不可能的，因为一只眼睛是 偏离。在这种情况下，被称为斜视，立体电视可能会丢失，而偏离的眼睛可能会发展 弱视。长期后果包括减少眼神协调，生活质量降低， 就业歧视，社会偏见和心理困扰。这个项目的总体目标是 发现某些儿童正常双眼视力失败的原因。当孩子失去融合时，他们避免复视 通过抑制每只眼睛看到的视野的部分。这些地区的发展，称为 抑制Scotomas，阻止通常会在外眼中引起调整的误差信号 肌肉语气使眼睛重新聚在一起。眼科医生进行手术以使眼睛保持一致，但成功 费率远非满意厂 恢复融合。要找到更好的治疗方法，必须了解抑制的神经基础。这 项目采用转化方法：斜视患者是研究其缺陷的研究，并且 然后，这些定义是在以实验形式的斜视形式提出的非人类素数中进行探测的 与真正的疾病非常相似。在AIM＃1中，研究专注于Exotropia的儿童 一只眼睛的偏差。通常是间歇性的，但是眼科医生倾向于建议手术，因为担心 间歇性外侧可能会发展成恒定，从而导致双眼功能的永久丧失。 在一项纵向观察队列研究中，将配备可穿戴眼镜的患者以记录 在日常活动过程中，外骨发作的发作频率。使用此设备的可行性 为了跟踪个别患者的疾病严重程度。数据将在5年内收集到 阐明这种情况的自然历史。在AIM＃2中，将使用一种新的化学遗传技术用于轮廓 视网膜神经节细胞将投射到上丘。这些细胞在引起眼睛中的作用 运动是未知的，因为到目前为止，还没有任何方法可以选择性地和可逆地阻止它们。 将检查外型猴子，以确定对接收场特性的影响和能力 做替代扫视。在AIM＃3中，抑制Scotomas将在与 外果。建立了布局后，将在主要视觉皮层中制作记录，以比较 单细胞对单眼与双眼刺激的反应。对于双眼测试，将传递刺激 到一只眼睛的接收场，到另一只眼睛中的位置，而另一只眼睛则被大小的大小移动 眼部偏差。假设是，具有感知的区域中的细胞均位于 在双眼观察条件下被抑制在双眼刺激期间的反应比 在单眼刺激期间。这些皮质记录，第一次在警报中进行，表现 斜视，可以通过将单细胞的放电与视觉感知相关联，可以揭示抑制的神经元基础。