Project 2: Big City Tobacco Control Study

项目 2：大城市烟草控制研究

• 批准号: 10471899
• 负责人: KURT M. RIBISL
• 金额: $ 53.72万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10471899
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; African American population; Area; Buffers; Cause of Death; Censuses; Cigar; Cigarette; Cities; Code; Communities; Computer Models; County; Cues; Data; Data Set; Data Sources; Demography; Development; Disadvantaged; Disease; Electronic cigarette; Environment; Ethnic group; Face; Goals; Health; Hour; Individual; Intervention; Legal; Location; Longitudinal cohort; Longitudinal cohort study; Low income; Marketing; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Menthol; Methods; Modeling; Natural experiment; Neighborhoods; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacy facility; Police; Policies; Population; Prevalence; Price; Public Health; Research; Safety; Sales; Sampling; Schools; Science; Site; Smoker; Smoking; Surveys; Taxes; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco Control Research; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco use; Translations; Work; base; built environment; cigarette smoke; cigarillos; cost; density; ethnic diversity; evidence base; fast food; improved; member; metropolitan; person centered; population based; programs; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; reduce tobacco use; response; smoke-free policy; socioeconomics; synergism; tobacco control; tobacco flavor; tobacco products; tobacco user; tobacco-free

Project 2: Big City Tobacco Control Study An estimated 36.5 million US adults still smoke cigarettes and nearly 7 in 10 want to quit but only 7 in 100 succeed. Smoking is concentrated in lower income and certain racial/ethnic groups who face additional obstacles to quitting: living in areas that are disproportionately saturated with tobacco retailers, that contain a larger volume of marketing cues, and offer markedly cheaper tobacco products. Two types of population-based interventions in the retail environment are increasing rapidly at the local level. Place-based strategies limit the location, type and density of tobacco retailers (e.g., limit proximity to schools, tobacco-free pharmacies, a cap on retailers per population). Consumer-focused strategies increase price through non-tax mechanisms (e.g., establish minimum price and pack size) and restrict which tobacco products are sold (e.g., flavored products in tobacco-only shops). However, the overall benefits of these interventions for tobacco control, and specific benefits to disadvantaged and racial/ethnically diverse communities, are not firmly established. The goal of Project 2 is to address this critical gap in tobacco control research by evaluating an on-going natural experiment in retail interventions in 30 large cities across the US. With engagement of Big Cities Health Coalition, Project 2 proposes to evaluate whether and how local interventions affect the tobacco retail environment and the potential consequences for adult tobacco use. A multilevel, spatial dataset will integrate unique data sources for each city: 1) legal research to characterize the presence, type and strength of interventions; 2) marketing observations in a longitudinal cohort of tobacco retailers (n=1800, 60 per city), 3) city-specific data on sales volume of tobacco products; 4) a longitudinal cohort survey of adult smokers to assess quit attempts (n=2400, 80 per city); 5) spatial analyses of tobacco retailer density in census tracts as well as store- and person-centered buffers. Generalized linear mixed models that adjust for smoke-free air laws and tobacco tax levels will be estimated for three primary aims. Aim 1 examines whether place-based interventions are associated with lower density of tobacco retailers at baseline, decreases in tobacco retailer density over time, and with narrower inequities in lower-income neighborhoods. Aim 2 examines whether consumer-focused interventions are associated with higher tobacco prices at baseline, greater increases in price over time, and with narrower inequities in lower-income neighborhoods. Aim 3 examines whether stronger retail interventions are associated with tobacco use reduction at the city level (sales volume) and individual level (quit attempts). The public health significance of Project 2 is to inform the evidence base that guides best practices for state and local programs aiming to counter tobacco industry influence at the point of sale. In the context of this Program Project, an ASPiRE Community Advisory Board comprised of tobacco control program leaders from the big cities will increase the relevance and impact of the proposed research.

项目2：大城市烟草控制研究 估计有3650万美国成年人仍抽烟，十分之一中有近7人想要戒烟，但只有100名 成功。吸烟集中在较低的收入和某些面临额外的种族/族裔群体中 退出的障碍：生活在烟草零售商不成比例的地区，其中包含一个 大量的营销提示，并提供明显便宜的烟草产品。两种基于人群的类型 零售环境中的干预措施在地方一级正在迅速增加。基于地点的策略限制了 烟草零售商的位置，类型和密度（例如，限制与学校的邻近性，无烟草的药房，帽子 关于每个人口的零售商）。以消费者为中心的策略通过非税机制提高了价格（例如， 确定最低价格和包装尺寸），并限制出售哪些烟草产品（例如，在 仅烟草商店）。但是，这些干预措施对烟草控制的总体好处， 尚未牢固地确立给弱势和种族/种族多元化社区的好处。目标 项目2是通过评估持续的自然 在美国30个大城市的零售干预措施实验。大城市健康的参与 联盟，项目2提议评估当地干预措施是否以及如何影响烟草零售 环境和成人烟草使用的潜在后果。多级空间数据集将集​​成 每个城市的独特数据源：1）法律研究以表征 干预措施； 2）在纵向烟草零售商的纵向同类中进行营销观察（n = 1800，60，每个城市）， 3）针对烟草产品销售量的城市特定数据； 4）对成年吸烟者的纵向队列调查 评估戒烟尝试（n = 2400，80个城市）； 5）人口普查区中烟草零售商密度的空间分析作为 以及以商店和以人为本的缓冲区。通用的线性混合模型，以调整无烟空气 法律和烟草税水平将估计三个主要目标。 AIM 1检查是否基于地点 干预措施与基线时烟草零售商密度较低有关，烟草零售商的减少 随着时间的流逝，密度以及低收入社区的不平等范围更窄。 AIM 2检查是否 以消费者为中心的干预措施与基线时较高的烟草价格有关 随着时间的流逝，低收入社区的不平等范围更狭窄。 AIM 3检查是否 更强的零售干预措施与城市一级的烟草使用减少有关（销售量）和 个人级别（退出尝试）。项目2的公共卫生意义是通知证据基础 指导国家和地方计划的最佳实践，以应对烟草行业的影响 销售。在该计划项目的背景下，Aspire社区顾问委员会由烟草组成 来自大城市的控制计划领导者将增加拟议研究的相关性和影响。