Developing Novel Neural Technologies to Investigate Top-Down Attention in Neurologically and Racially Heterogeneous Populations

开发新型神经技术来研究神经学和种族异质人群中自上而下的注意力

• 批准号: 10467614
• 负责人: Jasmine Kwasa
• 金额: $ 8.22万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-30 至 2026-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10467614
• 关键词: Active Listening; Adult; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Auditory; BRAIN initiative; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Boston; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Child; Clinic; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Crying; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Disease; Doctor of Philosophy; Electroencephalography; Engineering; Equilibrium; Experimental Designs; Fellowship; Foundations; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Future; General Population; Heterogeneity; Human; Hyperactivity; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Institutes; International; Laboratories; Language; Maps; Measures; Mental Health; Mentors; Methods; Modality; Monitor; Movement; National Institute of Mental Health; Neocortex; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Neurologic; Neuropsychological Tests; Neurosciences; Oral; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Phase; Physiology; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Positioning Attribute; Postdoctoral Fellow; Psychopathology; Psychophysics; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Research Personnel; Resolution; Rest; Retina; Scalp structure; Science; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Societies; Symptoms; Techniques; Technology; Training; Universities; Visual; Volition; Work; anxiety-related disorders; base; case control; cognitive control; cognitive neuroscience; college; density; executive function; falls; frontier; functional near infrared spectroscopy; insight; interest; neural correlate; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; portability; posters; pre-doctoral; relating to nervous system; response; selective attention; sensory stimulus; signal processing; sound; source localization; statistics; symposium; targeted treatment; tool; ultrasound; young adult

Project Summary Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, exceptional difficulty with paying attention, or a combination of all three. This disorder would benefit from an individual differences approach of study using electroencephalography (EEG) due to its heterogeneity (Franke 2019) and the fact that the basic functional deficits associated which ADHD have not been quantified with brain activity measures, even in the general population. This project focuses on studying individual differences in the construct of cognitive control, also known as executive function, in young adults across the ADHD spectrum, a group that has been shown to have pre-frontal driven, cognitive control deficits. Our group previously showed that performance on an auditory selective attention task reflects variability in overall cognitive control, as it relies on a competitive balance between bottom-up salience of sounds (like a crying baby) and volitional, top-down desires (like paying attention to a keynote speaker) (Choi et al, 2014). We hypothesize that these previously observed individual differences in performance, their EEG correlates, and other biomarkers of object-based spatial selective attention ability all reflect the spectrum of cognitive deficits in the ADHD population. This non-invasive inquiry into the neural mechanisms of attention across the ADHD spectrum is the one of several future inquiries into specific functions in neurodiverse populations—a newly emphasized frontier in mental health research. In the long-term, a better understanding of cognitive profiles and neural correlates of specific functions could point to targets for neurostimulation or biomarkers for diagnoses in the clinic. Moreover, fundamental brain science will benefit from a departure from case-control studies, as behavioral heterogeneity is become a bottleneck in neuroscience discovery. This project aligns with the larger push from the NIMH Research Domain Criteria to study specific domains of human functioning (such as cognition) and specific constructs within them (such as attention and language) separately. Furthermore, this project falls in line with the BRAIN initiative thrusts of monitoring neural activity in human neuroscience while developing new data analysis tools.

项目摘要 注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种神经发育障碍，其为特征 冲动性，多动症，引起注意的异常困难或这三个组合的组合。这个疾病 由于其使用脑电图（EEG），将受益于研究的个体差异方法 异质性（Franke 2019）以及基本功能定义了与ADHD相关的事实 通过大脑活动度量量化，即使在一般人群中也是如此。该项目的重点是学习 年轻人的认知控制构建体（也称为执行功能）的个体差异 在整个ADHD频谱中，该组已被证明具有前额外驱动，认知控制缺陷。 我们的小组先前表明，在听觉选择性注意任务上的表现反映了可变性 在整体认知控制中，它依赖于声音自下而上的显着性之间的竞争平衡（例如 一个哭泣的婴儿）和自愿的自上而下的欲望（例如注意主题演讲者）（Choi等，2014）。 我们假设这些先前观察到的性能中的个体差异，它们的脑电图相关，并且 基于对象的空间选择性注意力能力的其他生物标志物都反映了认知缺陷的范围 多动症人口。这种对整个多动症的关注神经机制的无创探究 Spectrum是对神经多样性人群中特定功能的未来几个调查之一，这是一个新的 在心理健康研究中强调了前沿。从长远来看，对认知概况的更好理解和 特定功能的神经相关性可能指向神经刺激的靶标或生物标志物的诊断剂 诊所。此外，基本的脑科学将受益于病例对照研究，作为 行为异质性已成为神经科学发现中的瓶颈。 该项目与NIMH研究领域标准的更大推动力保持一致 人类功能的领域（例如认知）和其中的特定结构（例如注意力和注意力 语言）。此外，该项目与监测神经元的大脑倡议的推力相符 在开发新的数据分析工具时，人类神经科学的活动。