Visual Field Expansion Through Innovative Multi-periscopic Prism Design

通过创新的多潜望棱镜设计扩展视野

基本信息

批准号：
10458826
负责人：
ELI PELI
金额：
$ 8.3万
依托单位：
SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-30 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10458826
关键词：
3D Print Affect Area Automobile Driving Brain Injuries Choroideremia Chronic Clinic Clinical Trials Color Computers Detection Devices Eye Eyeglasses Floor Glaucoma Homonymous Hemianopia Image Individual Island Judgment Lateral Measures Multi-Institutional Clinical Trial Optics Outcome Measure Patient Preferences Patients Pentas Performance Peripheral Positioning Attribute Property Quality of life Randomized Reaction Time Rehabilitation therapy Reporting Residual state Retinal Diseases Retinitis Pigmentosa Risk Scanning Series Side Stroke System Techniques Testing Time Trauma Visual Visual Aid Visual Fields Walking base blind clinical research site complement system cost effective design detection test effectiveness testing efficacy study efficacy testing expectation falls feasibility testing foot gaze hazard improved innovation novel patient mobility preference primary outcome prototype secondary outcome success trial comparing tumor virtual reality virtual reality system

项目摘要

Individuals with visual field loss report collisions with other pedestrians or objects, tripping over obstacles, and are commonly not permitted to drive. All of these factors severely restrict their independence and quality of life. Visual field loss is common following brain injuries such as stroke, trauma, or tumors (hemianopic field loss, HFL) or it may be due to retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, choroideremia, and advanced glaucoma (peripheral field loss, PFL). Most visual aids developed for field expansion have had limited success. Prisms designed to shift portions of a scene from the blind field to the residual seeing field are the simplest, lightest, and most cost-effective devices for visual field loss patients. These prism devices create artificial visual islands that can help PFL and HFL patients detect and avoid collision risks. A pedestrian on a collision course will stay at a fixed position in the visual field of the patient. Our recent analysis found that the risk of a collision with other pedestrians is highest when the oncoming pedestrian approaches from an angle of 45. Conventional prism devices can shift images up to 30° but do not reach this area of peak collision risk. Further, the shifted images are distorted spatially (minified) and in color and have low contrast. When patients scan (look) toward the blind side the effective expansion benefit is limited to only 5° by current prism designs. Thus, the actual field expansion benefit of current devices falls below the best possible theoretical expectation. To overcome these limitations, we invented a new optical device, the “multi-periscopic prism (MPP)”, which uses cascaded half-penta prisms (typically used in binoculars). Whereas conventional prisms use refraction, the MPP uses two reflections, resulting in a 45° image shift (improvement of 50% over current prisms) without the refraction effects of minification, color distortion, or contrast reduction. The MPP covers the peak collision risk eccentricity and permits 15° of effective eye scanning into the blind side (3 times wider than current prisms). We developed prototypes and preliminary configurations of this novel device to enable field expansion in HFL and PFL patients. This field expansion is intended to facilitate detection of pedestrian collisions when walking, or hazards at intersections when driving (HFL). We have proposed configurations of the device for PFL patients to allow for downward eye scanning and detection of tripping hazards. Here we propose to iteratively implement additional refinements, fine-tune, and test the effectiveness of the MPP as an aid for patients with HFL or PFL. This will begin with feasibility tests in the lab and culminate in a randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial. We will compare patients’ pedestrian collision detection performance with the novel MPP devices and current prism devices and evaluate their device preferences. In the multicenter clinical trial, we will use an innovative virtual reality pedestrian collision detection test system that can be easily implemented at clinics using standard computers and large screen TVs. We will also conduct a lab test during the multi-center clinical trial to further study the efficacy of the MPP in HFL driving.

视野丧失的人报告与其他行人或物体发生碰撞、被障碍物绊倒，以及通常不允许开车，所有这些因素都严重限制了他们的独立性和生活质量。视野丧失在中风、创伤或肿瘤等脑损伤后很常见（偏视视野丧失、 HFL）或可能是由于视网膜疾病，如色素性视网膜炎、无脉络膜血症和晚期青光眼（周边视野损失，PFL）。大多数为视野扩展而开发的视觉辅助设备取得的成功有限。设计用于将场景的一部分从盲场转移到剩余视场的棱镜是最简单的，这些棱镜设备为视野丧失患者创造了最轻、最具成本效益的设备。视觉岛可以帮助 PFL 和 HFL 患者检测并避免发生碰撞的行人。我们最近的分析发现，课程将停留在患者视野中的固定位置。当迎面而来的行人以 45 度角接近时，与其他行人发生的碰撞最高。传统的棱镜设备可以将图像移动最多 30°，但达不到这个碰撞风险最高的区域。当患者扫描时，移动的图像在空间（缩小）和颜色上发生扭曲，并且对比度较低。（看）当前棱镜设计中，朝向盲侧的有效扩展效果仅限于 5°。当前器件的实际现场扩展效益低于最佳理论预期。为了克服这些限制，我们发明了一种新的光学器件，“多潜望棱镜（MPP）”，它使用级联半五棱镜（通常用于双筒望远镜）。折射，MPP 使用两次反射，导致 45° 图像偏移（比当前的改进 50%）棱镜），没有缩小、颜色失真或对比度降低的折射效应。峰值碰撞风险偏心率，并允许 15° 有效眼睛扫描到盲侧（宽 3 倍）当前的棱镜）。我们开发了这种新颖设备的原型和初步配置，以实现现场应用。 HFL 和 PFL 患者的扩展此字段扩展旨在促进行人检测。步行时的碰撞或驾驶时交叉路口的危险（HFL）。该设备适用于 PFL 患者，允许向下进行眼睛扫描并检测绊倒危险。在这里，我们建议迭代地实施额外的改进、微调并测试其有效性 MPP 作为 HFL 或 PFL 患者的辅助手段这将从实验室的可行性测试开始，最终实现。我们将比较患者的行人碰撞检测。新型 MPP 设备和当前棱镜设备的性能，并评估他们的设备偏好。在多中心临床试验中，我们将使用创新的虚拟现实行人碰撞检测测试系统这可以在诊所使用标准计算机和大屏幕电视轻松实施，我们也将进行。多中心临床试验期间的实验室测试，以进一步研究 MPP 在 HFL 驾驶中的功效。