Models of rodent facial musculature for the study of active tactile sensing

用于研究主动触觉感知的啮齿动物面部肌肉组织模型

• 批准号: 10435437
• 负责人: Mitra J Hartmann
• 金额: $ 36.17万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10435437
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Afferent Neurons; Anatomic Models; Anatomy; Animal Behavior; Area; Attention; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Bilateral; Biomechanics; Brain; Brain Stem; Breathing; Childhood; Complex; Data; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Elderly; Elements; Exploratory Behavior; Exposure to; Face; Facial Muscles; Feedback; Freedom; Frequencies; Goals; Hand; Head; Histology; Infant; Investigation; Laboratories; Light; Limb structure; MRI Scans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mastication; Mechanics; Modeling; Morphology; Motion; Motor; Movement; Mus; Muscle; Nervous system structure; Neural Pathways; Neuromechanics; Neurosciences; Paper; Pattern; Periodicity; Persons; Plants; Rattus; Research Personnel; Rodent; Rodent Model; Role; Sensory; Sensory Process; Side; Signal Transduction; Smell Perception; Speed; System; Tactile; Testing; Time; Touch sensation; Trigeminal System; Vibrissae; Volition; Work; X-Ray Computed Tomography; active control; base; behavioral study; biomechanical model; central pattern generator; experimental study; kinematics; microCT; motor control; neuroregulation; novel; prevent; relating to nervous system; sensor; simulation; software systems; suckling; three-dimensional modeling

Project Summary: The rodent vibrissal (whisker) system is one of the most widely-used models in neuroscience to study how information about movement and touch are combined. During many exploratory behaviors, rats and mice sweep their whiskers back and forth in a rapid, rhythmic motion called “whisking” to actively gather touch information. Although whisking is rhythmic, rodents can also change how their whiskers move depending on the desired sensory information, and on their particular behavior. Researchers are nearly able to begin to “close-the-loop” between movement and touch for the whisker system, except for one critical gap: we do not yet have a three dimensional (3D) model of rodent facial musculature. Without such a model, we cannot identify how the rat changes its muscle activity to change whisker motion and acquire particular types of sensory information. We cannot know which whisker motions are fixed via the biomechanics, versus which motions the rat can actively control. We cannot fully understand the motor commands sent to the whisker muscles. The central goal of this proposal is to develop three-dimensional (3D) models of rodent facial musculature that close this gap. We will first use a novel combination of tactile profilometry, histology, MRI, and CT-scans to quantify the anatomy of rodent facial muscles and the follicles that hold the whiskers. Using this anatomy, we will then construct 3D biomechanical models of the whisker muscles and follicles to simulate the motion of all whiskers. These models will be validated and tested in several different complementary software systems, and then be used to test eleven specific predictions for the particular function of each whisker-related muscle. Finally, we will integrate the 3D models of rodent facial muscles with existing models that describe the sensory, tactile side of whisker motion. These combined muscle-sensory simulations will be directly compared with active animal behavior. This work takes a step towards closing the loop between motor action and the sensory data acquired, and helps disentangle the relative roles of biomechanics and neural control during different types of whisking. The proposed work will inform all levels of study of whisker neural pathways, from primary sensory neurons to sensory and motor cortical areas, to brainstem regions involved in controlling whisker motions. More generally, whisking represents a unique window into how volitional control can modulate or override centrally-patterned movement. The transition between varieties of rhythmic and non- rhythmic movement has important implications for the coordination of sniffing, breathing, olfaction, chewing, swallowing, and suckling, and the proposed work could thus shed light on the neuromechanical basis for some pediatric and geriatric dysphagias.

项目概要： 啮齿动物触须（晶须）系统是神经科学中最广泛使用的模型之一，用于研究如何 在许多探索行为中，大鼠和小鼠结合了有关运动和触摸的信息。 以一种称为“拂动”的快速、有节奏的动作来回扫动胡须，以主动收集触摸 尽管搅拌是有节奏的，但啮齿类动物也可以根据情况改变胡须的移动方式。 研究人员几乎能够开始了解所需的感官信息以及他们的特定行为。 胡须系统的运动和触摸之间的“闭环”，除了一个关键的差距：我们不 还没有啮齿动物面部肌肉组织的三维 (3D) 模型 如果没有这样的模型，我们就无法实现。 确定大鼠如何改变其肌肉活动以改变胡须运动并获得特定类型的 我们无法知道哪些胡须运动是通过生物力学固定的，哪些胡须运动是通过生物力学固定的。 我们无法完全理解发送到胡须的运动命令。 该提案的中心目标是开发啮齿动物面部的三维 (3D) 模型。 我们将首先使用触觉轮廓测量法、组织学、MRI 和技术的新颖组合来缩小这一差距。 CT 扫描可量化啮齿动物面部肌肉和容纳胡须的毛囊的解剖结构。 解剖学之后，我们将构建胡须肌肉和毛囊的 3D 生物力学模型来模拟 所有晶须的运动将在几种不同的补充软件中进行验证和测试。 系统，然后用于测试每个与晶须相关的特定功能的十一个具体预测 最后，我们将啮齿动物面部肌肉的 3D 模型与描述肌肉的现有模型相结合。 胡须运动的感觉、触觉方面将被直接比较。 这项工作朝着关闭运动动作和动物行为之间的循环迈出了一步。 获得的感觉数据，并有助于理清生物力学和神经控制的相对作用 拟议的工作将为胡须神经通路的各个级别的研究提供信息。 初级感觉神经元到感觉和运动皮层区域，到参与控制的脑干区域 更一般地说，拂动代表了了解意志控制如何发挥作用的独特窗口。 调节或覆盖中心模式的运动之间的过渡。 有节奏的运动对于嗅觉、呼吸、嗅觉、咀嚼、 吞咽和哺乳，因此拟议的工作可以阐明某些行为的神经力学基础 儿童和老年吞咽困难。