Do children's genetically-influenced characteristics influence the parental input they experience? Evidence from a longitudinal twin study

孩子受遗传影响的特征会影响他们所经历的父母的输入吗？

• 批准号: 10398987
• 负责人: Sudha Arunachalam
• 金额: $ 31.24万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10398987
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Attention; Behavioral Genetics; Biometry; Caregivers; Characteristics; Child; Child Behavior; Child Language; Code; Data; Data Set; Data Sources; Dimensions; Dizygotic Twins; Educational Background; Educational Intervention; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Etiology; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Models; Genetic Transcription; Goals; Hearing; Individual Differences; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Linguistics; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Monozygotic twins; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Play; Production; Property; Quantitative Genetics; Research; Research Activity; Research Project Grants; Role; Same-sex; Sampling; Side; Source; Temperament; Time; Training; Twin Multiple Birth; Twin Studies; Variant; Vocabulary; Work; base; experience; genetic analysis; genetic approach; high risk population; improved; member; negative affect; novel; parental influence; response; standard measure; trait

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The goal of this project is to understand how quantity and quality of the language input directed to children by their caregivers is influenced by genetically-influenced child characteristics (language ability as measured by standard assessment as well as children's productions during the interactions, and temperament as measured by standard assessments). The overarching activity of this research project is transcription and analysis of naturalistic parent-child interactions that have already been collected as part of a longitudinal study of over 300 same-sex twin pairs and their parents. The data set consists of one-on-one play interactions between a parent with each twin separately, at each of three time points (ages 3, 4, and 5 years). This unique sample allows investigation of how the parent's linguistic input to each child differs. Because half of the sample consists of monozygotic (genetically identical) twins and the other half of dizygotic twins (sharing approximately 50% of their segregating genes), we can make inferences about genetic influences on traits by the degree of similarity between members of a monozygotic and dizygotic twin pair. In this investigation we focus on how genetically-influenced traits affect the properties of the parent's linguistic input. Quantitative genetic model- fitting analyses will reveal bidirectional relations between parental linguistic input and child characteristics at the level of etiology by informing about genetic and environmental influences on parental linguistic input at age 3, 4, and 5; stability and change in parental linguistic input across age; and sources of covariance between parental linguistic input and child characteristics both within and across age. This is a timely investigation: much attention is currently being given to the study of environmental or parental traits that affect linguistic input, such as the parent's level of education, and how interventions might train parents within high-risk groups to improve the quality of the input they provide. The proposed work adds another dimension to these efforts by investigating child-specific features and how these may influence parental linguistic input above and beyond environmental and parental traits. The knowledge gained will reveal how these child factors contribute to the parental linguistic input children receive and the longitudinal consequences of this relationship.

项目摘要/摘要 该项目的目的是了解语言输入的数量和质量如何针对 照料者受照顾者受到遗传影响的儿童特征的影响（语言能力为语言能力 通过标准评估以及互动期间的儿童制作衡量，气质 通过标准评估衡量）。该研究项目的总体活动是转录和 作为纵向研究的一部分已经收集的自然主义亲子相互作用的分析 超过300对双胞胎和他们的父母。数据集由一对一的游戏互动组成 在每个双胞胎的父母之间，在三个时间点（3、4和5年）中的每个双胞胎之间。这个独特 样本允许研究父母对每个孩子的语言输入的不同。因为一半的样本 由单卵（遗传上相同）双胞胎和另一半的双胞胎双胞胎组成（大约共享 他们的分离基因的50％），我们可以根据遗传影响对性状的推断 单卵双胞胎对的成员之间的相似性。在这项调查中，我们关注 遗传影响的特征会影响父母语言输入的特性。定量遗传模型 拟合分析将揭示父母语言输入与儿童特征之间的双向关系 通过向父母语言输入的遗传和环境影响告知病因水平 3、4和5;跨年龄的父母语言投入的稳定性和变化；和协方差之间 父母语言的输入和儿童特征在年龄和跨年龄范围内。这是一个及时的调查： 目前对影响语言的环境或父母性状的研究非常关注 输入，例如父母的教育水平，以及干预措施如何培训高风险小组的父母 提高其提供的输入质量。拟议的工作为这些努力增加了另一个维度 调查针对儿童的特征以及这些特征如何影响父母语言输入 环境和父母的特征。获得的知识将揭示这些儿童因素如何促进 父母的语言输入儿童接受这种关系的纵向后果。