A Profile of Spatial Abilities in People with Down Syndrome and Their Correlations with Everyday Behavior

唐氏综合症患者的空间能力概况及其与日常行为的相关性

• 批准号: 10394265
• 负责人: Yingying Yang
• 金额: $ 14.5万
• 依托单位: MONTCLAIR STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-01 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10394265
• 关键词: Adopted; Adult; Age; Applied Research; Area; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Belief; Brain; Caregivers; Categories; Child; Chronology; Clinical Trials; Clinical Trials Design; Cognition; Cognitive; Competence; Complex; Data; Development; Dimensions; Down Syndrome; Environment; Experimental Designs; Foundations; Genetic; Goals; Hand functions; Human; Impairment; Independent Living; Individual; Intellectual functioning disability; Intelligence; Intervention; Investigation; Laboratories; Language; Life; Light; Mathematics; Measures; Methodology; Movement; Nature; Neurologic; Occupations; Outcome Measure; Parents; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Population; Psyche structure; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Series; Shapes; Shoes; Spatial Behavior; Spatial Design; Standardization; Surveys; Testing; Time; Time Study; Training; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Visuospatial; Voice; aged; base; cognitive ability; cognitive development; cognitive process; contextual factors; daily functioning; design; direct application; improved; insight; medical specialties; neglect; premature; programs; skills; sound; theories; tool

Project Summary Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID) in the United States. For a long time, researchers have considered spatial abilities as an area of strength in people with DS. As a core intelligence, spatial abilities are used in a wide variety of daily activities and serve as a foundation for other complex cognitive processes. Studying spatial abilities in people with DS has widespread implications, ranging from promoting their daily living skills, expanding their job opportunities, to providing key outcome measures for use in clinical trials. Despite the importance of the topic, our recent review suggests that it is too premature to conclude that spatial abilities, in general, are an area of strength for people with DS based on extant research. More specifically, previous research was seldom motivated by behavioral theories of spatial abilities, has yielded inconsistent results due to methodological variations, and has not assessed several key spatial abilities in people with DS. The current study proposes to systematically and comprehensively evaluate spatial abilities and behaviors in people with DS. Our rationale is that a systematic investigation of spatial abilities should be guided by a theoretical framework for categorizing spatial abilities and implemented through rigorous methodologies. Further, a complete spatial profile of people with DS requires both fundamental and applied approaches to research. We propose two specific aims: 1). To systematically evaluate the spatial abilities of individuals with DS relative to mental ability (MA)- matched typically developing (TD) children and MA- and chronological age (CA)- matched individuals with ID (not DS). 2). To determine the competencies in everyday spatial behaviors for people with DS and their relations with spatial abilities. To achieve these aims, 30 people with DS aged 16-25 years, 30 MA-matched TD children, and 30 MA- and CA-matched people with ID will participate in a series of spatial tasks representing four distinct spatial categories (i.e., intrinsic-static; intrinsic- dynamic; extrinsic-static; extrinsic-dynamic) based on a spatial theoretical framework. Their parents/caregivers will complete ratings of everyday spatial behaviors and daily living skills. Preliminary data support that people with DS may show more severe weaknesses in some, but not other, spatial areas and that there is an urgent need for research of spatial abilities voiced by the parents of children with DS. For the first time, this study will establish a comprehensive cognitive/behavioral profile of spatial abilities, thereby identifying the strengths and weaknesses within the spatial domain for individuals with DS. This study will also be the first to provide an ecological profile of spatial behaviors for individuals with DS. Practically, by identifying spatial weaknesses the proposed study will pave ways for clinical trials designed for improving the performance of persons with DS in spatial abilities and spatially oriented activities that are critical to everyday functioning and job prospects. Theoretically, the proposed study will help to identify the mechanisms of typical and atypical spatial development, and the roles of brain and neurological differences underlying DS.

项目摘要 唐氏综合症（DS）是美国智障（ID）最常见的遗传原因。为了 很长一段时间，研究人员将空间能力视为DS患者的优势领域。作为核心 智力，空间能力用于各种各样的日常活动，并为其他 复杂的认知过程。在患有DS的人中研究空间能力具有广泛的影响，范围 从促进他们的日常生活技能，扩大工作机会到提供关键的结果指标 用于临床试验。尽管这个话题很重要，但我们最近的评论表明，它过早了 结论是，通常，基于现有研究的DS人，空间能力是一个强度的领域。 更具体地说，以前的研究很少受到空间能力的行为理论的动机 由于方法上的变化而产生的结果不一致，并且尚未评估几种关键空间能力 在患有DS的人中。当前的研究提议系统，全面评估空间能力 和DS患者的行为。我们的理由是，对空间能力的系统调查应该是 以对空间能力进行分类并通过严格实施的理论框架的指导 方法论。此外，DS患者的完整空间概况需要基本和应用 研究方法。我们提出了两个具体目标：1）。系统地评估 与精神能力（MA）相对于心理能力（MA）的个人通常是发展（TD）儿童以及MA-和MA​​-和 年代年龄（CA） - 具有ID（不是DS）的匹配的个体。 2）。确定每天的能力 具有DS的人及其与空间能力的关系的空间行为。为了实现这些目标，有30个人 DS年龄在16-25岁之间，30个MA匹配的TD儿童以及30个MA和CA匹配的ID的人将 参加一系列代表四个不同空间类别的空间任务（即，内在静态； 动态的;外静态;基于空间理论框架的外部动力学）。他们的父母/照顾者 将完成日常空间行为和日常生活技能的评分。人们的初步数据支持 在某些但没有其他空间区域，DS可能显示出更严重的弱点 需要研究DS儿童父母所表达的空间能力。这项研究将首次 建立空间能力的全面认知/行为概况，从而确定优势和 DS个体的空间领域内的弱点。这项研究也将是第一个提供的 DS个体的空间行为的生态概况。实际上，通过确定空间弱点 拟议的研究将为临床试验铺平方法，旨在改善DS的性能 对于日常运作和工作前景至关重要的空间能力和面向空间的活动。 从理论上讲，拟议的研究将有助于确定典型和非典型空间的机制 DS的发育以及大脑和神经系统差异的作用。