Temporal Synthesis of Vestibular and Extra-Vestibular Sensory Signals

前庭和前庭外感觉信号的时间合成

• 批准号: 10319581
• 负责人: TIMOTHY E HULLAR
• 金额: $ 52.87万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10319581
• 关键词: Acoustic Neuroma; Acute; Affect; Artificial Implants; Attention; Auditory; Behavioral; Bilateral; Binding; Brain; Cerebrum; Characteristics; Chronic; Clinical; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Dependence; Disease; Ear; Elements; Environment; Event; Excision; Exposure to; Financial compensation; Functional disorder; Head; Implant; Labyrinth; Lead; Lesion; Measures; Migraine; Migraine Variants; Motion; Motion Sickness; Noise; Operating System; Operative Surgical Procedures; Outcome; Patient-Focused Outcomes; Patients; Pattern; Peripheral; Persons; Physiologic pulse; Physiology; Predisposition; Process; Prosthesis; Psychophysics; Reaction Time; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Residual state; Role; Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Training; Width; base; behavioral outcome; experience; improved; multimodality; multisensory; nerve damage; novel; paired stimuli; postoperative state; response; sensory integration; sensory prosthesis; vestibular prosthesis; virtual

Multiple sensory cues are generated by discrete events and while they do not reach the cerebrum simultaneously, the brain can synthesize them if they are interpreted as corresponding to a single event. This is critical because the central representation of an event or action is improved if two or more relevant cues are integrated but conversely is degraded if unrelated inputs are mistakenly synthesized. Little research has focused on temporal binding of vestibular and non-vestibular cues even though the vestibular system operates in an inherently multimodal environment, and virtually nothing is known about abnormalities in temporal binding that occur with peripheral or central vestibular disorders. Temporal binding is often quantified with two values derived from psychophysical tests, the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) and the temporal binding window (TBW). We will use these perceptual measures to test a series of hypotheses about the physiology and pathophysiology of vestibular temporal binding. Two sets of specific aims will be investigated: Aim 1 will investigate the mechanisms used by the brain to bind vestibular and non-vestibular signals in time. Aim 1A examines how the precision of the vestibular signal affects its binding with non-vestibular cues. Precision (1/variability) of the spatial and temporal characteristics of vestibular afferents and their relationship to temporal binding will be studied in normal subjects, and we predict that the two precision measures will be correlated with each other and with the TBW. We will also manipulate vestibular precision using patients with combined vestibular (VI) and cochlear (CI) implants in the same ear and predict that additional noise will widen the TBW and increase the PSS. Aim 1B uses the prosthetic signals that are available in the VI-CI patients to examine how adaptation driven by habitual exposure to timing cues affects temporal binding. Since the brain is naïve to these stimulus pairs and the patients have longstanding absence of cochlear and vestibular function in both ears, we can study how the brain binds signals in time when it has no prior exposure to the cues, and predict that the PSS will reflect the relative time for the signals to reach the cerebrum, the TBW will be wide, and both will be abnormally amenable to adaptation. Aim 2 investigates how temporal binding contributes to the pathophysiology of peripheral and central vestibular disorders. Aim 2A examines the effects of acute loss of peripheral vestibular function and the subsequent process of compensation on temporal binding. We predict that both passive and active processes will contribute to recalibration of the PSS and TBW, that patient outcome will correlate with the changes in these values, and that adaptation of the PSS and TBW will improve clinical outcome. Aim 2B examines how temporal binding contributes to central vestibular dysfunction, focusing on motion sickness and migraine. We predict that subjects with more severe motion sickness will have wider TBWs and that adaptation that narrows the TBW will reduce susceptibility to motion sickness.

多个感官提示是由离散事件产生的，虽然它们没有到达大脑 同样，如果大脑被解释为与单个事件相对应的，则可以合成它们。这 至关重要，因为如果两个或更多相关的提示是 如果不相关的输入被错误地合成，则集成但相反会退化。研究很少 尽管前庭系统运行 在固有的多模式环境中，几乎没有关于临时绑定异常的知之甚少 发生在周围或中央前庭疾病中。时间结合通常用两个值量化 源自心理物理测试，主观同时（PSS）和临时结合窗口 （TBW）。我们将使用这些感知措施来检验有关生理学和的一系列假设 前庭临时结合的病理生理。将研究两组具体目标：AIM 1将 研究大脑在及时结合前庭和非vesibular信号的机制。目标1a 检查前庭信号的精度如何影响其与非vesibular提示的结合。精确 前庭传入的空间和临时特征及其与临时的关系的（1/变异性） 结合将在正常受试者中进行研究，我们预测这两个精度度量将是相关的 彼此和TBW。我们还将使用合并的患者操纵前庭精度 前庭（VI）和人工耳蜗（CI）在同一耳朵中垂下，并预测额外的噪声将扩大TBW 并增加PSS。 AIM 1B使用VI-CI患者可用的假体信号检查 习惯暴露于时序提示驱动的适应性如何影响暂时的结合。由于大脑天真 这些刺激对，并且患者长期没有人工耳蜗和前庭功能 耳朵，我们可以研究大脑在没有事先接触线索的情况下及时绑定信号的，并预测 PSS将反映信号到达大脑的相对时间，TBW将宽，两者都 绝对适合适应。 AIM 2调查了暂时的结合如何促进 外周和中央前庭疾病的病理生理。 AIM 2A考试急性丧失的影响 外围前庭功能和随后在临时结合的补偿过程。我们预测 被动过程和主动过程都将有助于识别PSS和TBW，该患者 结果将与这些值的变化相关，并且PSS和TBW的适应性将改善 临床结果。 AIM 2B考试临时结合如何有助于中央前庭功能障碍， 专注于运动疾病和偏头痛。我们预测，患病更严重的受试者将 拥有更宽的TBW，并且缩小TBW的适应性将减少对运动疾病的敏感性。