Does Ethnic Variation of the Orbit Determine the Prevalence of Horizontal Strabismus?

眼眶的种族差异是否决定了水平斜视的患病率？

• 批准号: 10300950
• 负责人: CHRISTOPHER S VON BARTHELD
• 金额: $ 21.74万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA RENO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10300950
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Anatomy; Area; Asians; Caucasians; Cesarean section; Clinic; Clinical; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Country; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Databases; Development; Esotropia; Ethnic Origin; Exophthalmos; Exotropia; Eye; Frequencies; Funding; Future; Gender; Generations; Genomics; Healthcare; Knowledge; Literature; Maps; Meta-Analysis; Methodology; Molecular Genetics; National Eye Institute; Ocular orbit; Pattern; Population; Population Study; Predisposition; Prevalence; Prevalence Study; Prevention; Problem Solving; Publishing; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research Personnel; Risk Factors; Role; Socioeconomic Status; Strabismus; Variant; Width; Work; base; ethnic difference; ethnic diversity; evidence base; maternal cigarette smoking; multidisciplinary; novel; population based; systematic review; theories; trend

The prevalence of horizontal strabismus differs dramatically between studies for reasons that are not clear. Our preliminary data show that ethnicity is a major factor: some populations have much more esotropia than exotropia, while other populations have much more exotropia than esotropia. Older literature suggested that differences in the interpupillary distance may be responsible for ethnic differences in strabismus, but this has never been systematically explored. Because of the largely undefined ethnic variations, the global prevalence of strabismus is currently unknown. Furthermore, the prevalence within the same ethnicity has never been longitudinally compiled and compared. This lack of information about local and global prevalence makes it impossible to determine trends and to compare them with trends of major risk factors and thus define underlying causes or predispositions for strabismus. This impedes the planning of health care that will be needed in the future. Here, we propose to solve these problems by conducting secondary data analyses. Aim 1: Compile ALL relevant studies and publish a systematic review of the prevalence of horizontal strabismus throughout the world, taking into account ethnic variations and methodology bias. This will provide a much-needed reference guide and allow to estimate the true global prevalence. Aim 2: Examine the distribution of three orbital parameters that are ethnically distinct: interpupillary distance, proptosis, and interorbital width, and discern which parameters (or combination of parameters) best explains the ethnic variation of horizontal strabismus prevalence and patterns. This will provide an evidence-based framework to understand the current ethnic variations and their evolutionary history. Aim 3: Determine the trends (over the last 50-150 years) in prevalence of horizontal strabismus and compare them with local trends for major risk factors of strabismus. This will identify effective risk factors in local populations – which is relevant for planning purposes and for targeted health care initiatives. Our multidisciplinary team of investigators will move the field forward by establishing population-based prevalence numbers for each of the major ethnicities. This is important to provide a comprehensive reference work for future studies. The true prevalence in different countries and ethnicities is important for health care planning purposes. The second aim will inform which key anatomical features of the orbit underlie ethnic differences, with evolutionary, developmental and clinical implications. This will provide a novel conceptual framework of the impact of orbital parameters for strabismus. Finally, consideration of a much larger number of studies and populations throughout the world (~500 vs. ~30 in previous reviews) will allow us to define trends in prevalence and to compare such trends with those of major risk factors of strabismus within those same populations. This will inform which risk factors (e.g., maternal smoking, Cesarean section) likely affect prevalence rates in distinct populations.

水平斜视的患病率在研究之间在研究之间截然不同，原因尚不清楚。 我们的初步数据表明，种族是一个主要因素：某些人群的杂色比 外来性疾病，而其他人群的外果比杂感更高。旧文献表明 胎距距离的差异可能是斜视的种族差异的原因，但这有 从来没有系统地探索。由于种族差异很大，全球流行率 斜视目前未知。此外，同一种族中的流行从未如此 纵向编译和比较。缺乏有关本地和全球流行率的信息使得 无法确定趋势并将其与主要风险因素的趋势进行比较，从而定义 斜视的根本原因或倾向。这阻碍了医疗保健的计划 将来需要。在这里，我们建议通过进行次要数据分析来解决这些问题。 目标1：编译所有相关研究并发布水平流行的系统评价 考虑到种族差异和方法论偏见，全世界的斜视。这会 提供急需的参考指南，并允许估计真正的全球流行率。 AIM 2：检查在种族上不同的三个轨道参数的分布：i室距离， 粘脂情况和孔内宽度，并辨别哪些参数（或参数组合）最能解释 水平斜视流行和模式的种族变化。这将提供基于证据的 了解当前种族变化及其进化史的框架。 AIM 3：确定水平斜视的患病率（在过去50-150年中） 将它们与斜视主要危险因素的本地趋势进行比较。这将确定有效的风险因素 当地人群 - 与计划目的和有针对性的医疗保健计划有关。 我们的多学科调查人员团队将通过建立基于人群的人来向前推进该领域 每个主要种族的患病率数字。这对于提供全面的 未来研究的参考工作。不同国家和种族的真正流行对 医疗保健计划目的。第二个目标将告知轨道基础的哪些关键解剖特征 种族差异，具有进化，发育和临床意义。这将提供小说 轨道参数对斜视的影响的概念框架。最后，考虑一个 全世界的研究和人口数量要大得多（在先前的评论中约500 vs.〜30）将 允许我们定义患病率的趋势，并将这种趋势与主要风险因素的趋势进行比较 在同一人群中的斜视。这将告知哪些风险因素（例如，吸烟， 剖宫产部分）可能会影响不同人群的患病率。