Effects of Noise Exposure Across the Lifespan on Balance and Stability in Older Adults

一生中噪声暴露对老年人平衡和稳定性的影响

• 批准号: 10276071
• 负责人: Natela M. Shanidze
• 金额: $ 53.82万
• 依托单位: VETERANS EDUCATION AND RESEARCH ASSOCIATION OF MICHIGAN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-30 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10276071
• 关键词: Acceleration; Acoustics; Address; Adult; Age; Aging; Anatomy; Animal Experimentation; Animal Model; Animals; Basic Science; Cells; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Clinic; Clinical; Cochlea; Control Groups; Detection; Diagnosis; Disease; Dose; Elderly; Environment; Epithelial; Equilibrium; Evaluation; Exhibits; Exposure to; Financial compensation; Force of Gravity; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Genetic Diseases; Goals; Head; Head Movements; Hearing; Human; Impairment; Individual; Injury; Investigation; Labyrinth; Lead; Life; Link; Longevity; Maintenance; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Morphology; Motion; Motor; Musculoskeletal Equilibrium; Neurons; Noise; Noise-Induced Hearing Loss; Organ; Participant; Performance; Physical shape; Physiological; Planet Earth; Play; Population; Posture; Predisposition; Prevention; Proprioception; Psychophysics; Rattus; Recording of previous events; Reflex action; Rehabilitation therapy; Risk; Risk Factors; Rodent; Role; Rotation; Secondary to; Semicircular canal structure; Sensory; Source; Spinal Cord; Structure; Symptoms; Synapses; System; Testing; Training; Translations; Variant; Vestibular Nerve; Vestibular loss; Vision; Walking; age group; age related; aging population; body position; clinical application; cohort; cost; disability; experimental study; fall risk; falls; functional improvement; human old age (65+); improved; insight; interdisciplinary approach; middle age; motor impairment; neglect; otoconia; posture instability; pressure; public health relevance; response; secondary analysis; senescence; sound; treatment strategy; vestibular reflex; vestibulo-ocular reflex

Abstract Loss of stability and falls is a major risk factor for injury and death in older adults. Previously overlooked, lifetime noise exposure has been shown to cause damage to the vestibular periphery; although, animal models and human studies that can provide a mechanistic basis connecting noise-induced vestibular dysfunction and age-related fall risk are limited. The vestibular system plays a critical role in detection of head movements and orientation with respect to gravity and is essential for normal vision and postural control. Due to their anatomical proximity to the cochlea, the otolith organs are exposed to sound pressure and are at risk for noise overstimulation, which may contribute to vestibular dysfunction. However, damage may not be limited to the otolith organs. Recent studies have linked noise overstimulation to decreased vestibular nerve activity and loss of a specialized class of irregularly firing vestibular afferents which exhibit enhanced sensitivity to acceleration. It is likely that these afferents play an important role initiating postural compensation for abrupt changes in head or body position due to their physiological characteristics and their projection to secondary vestibular neurons that project to the spinal cord. Therefore, the effects of noise may accelerate disability associated with natural aging. The goal of this proposal is to characterize vestibular loss associated with natural aging and how it is compounded by cumulative noise exposures throughout one’s life. Thus, we will systematically investigate the effects of noise exposure across the lifespan on otolith and canal structure and function (Aim 1), specifically address the extent of irregular afferent damage and its functional consequences (Aim 2), and asses changes in posture, mobility and balance with noise exposure (Aim 3). Changes in sensory cell synapses will be correlated with vestibular reflex impairment and fall risk associated with postural instability and loss of balance. To improve our understanding of how these changes occur over the lifetime, we will assess anatomical and functional changes in early-, middle-, and late-adulthood. Further, functional experiments will be done in parallel in rats and human participants for maximal translation of our results to the clinic. Individually, both animal and rodent studies have proven invaluable to our understanding of the effects of noise exposure on vestibular function. However, both have limitations that can be best addressed with a set of complimentary studies in the two systems. This proposal describes a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach that strives to evaluate the underlying mechanisms in increased falls and fall risk due to a history of noise exposure in older adults. The susceptibility of these individuals to potentially fatal falls underscores the need for a systematic approach, that can eventually result in improved training and rehabilitation methods to be used with this population.

抽象的 稳定和跌倒的丧失是老年人受伤和死亡的主要危险因素。以前被忽视， 终生噪声暴露已显示会损害前庭外围。不过，动物模型 以及可以提供机械基础的人类研究，以连接噪声引起的前庭功能障碍和 与年龄有关的秋季风险有限。前庭系统在检测头部运动和 关于重力的方向，对于正常视力和姿势控制至关重要。由于他们 与耳蜗的解剖学接近，耳石器官暴露于声音压力，有噪音的风险 过度刺激，可能导致前庭功能障碍。但是，损害可能不限于 耳石器官。最近的研究将噪声过度刺激与前庭神经活动减少联系起来 一类专业的不规则射击前庭传入，这些传入暴露了对加速度的敏感性增强。 这些传入可能起着重要的作用 头部或身体位置由于其身体特征和对次生前庭的投影 将其投射到脊髓的神经元。因此，噪声的影响可能会加速与 自然衰老。该建议的目的是表征与自然衰老相关的前庭损失以及如何 它一生中的累积噪音暴露使它更加复杂。那我们将系统地调查 整个生命周期中噪声暴露对耳石和运河结构和功能的影响（AIM 1）， 具体解决了不规则传入损害及其功能后果的程度（AIM 2）和驴子 姿势，移动性和与噪声暴露的平衡变化（AIM 3）。感觉细胞突触的变化将 与前庭反射障碍和姿势不稳定性相关的跌落风险和损失相关 平衡。为了提高我们对这些变化在一生中如何发生的理解，我们将评估 早期，中期和后期的解剖和功能变化。此外，功能实验将 可以在大鼠和人类参与者中并行完成，以最大程度地将我们的结果转移到诊所。 单独地，动物和啮齿动物研究都证明了我们对噪声影响的理解非常宝贵 前庭功能的暴露。但是，两者都有最佳解决的局限性 这两个系统中的免费研究。该建议描述了一个全面的多学科 努力评估由于历史的跌倒和下降风险而努力评估跌倒和下降风险的方法 老年人的噪音暴露。这些人对潜在致命跌倒的敏感性强调了 需要系统的方法，有时可能会改善培训和康复方法 与该人群一起使用。