Social stressors and inflammation: A mixed methods approach to preterm birth

社会压力源和炎症：早产的混合方法

• 批准号: 10176636
• 负责人: Carmen Giurgescu
• 金额: $ 19.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-01-06 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10176636
• 关键词: Anxiety; Area; Birth; Buffers; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; Caring; Cellular Phone; China; Cities; Communities; Conflict (Psychology); Crowding; Data; Death Rate; Devices; Diagnosis; Discrimination; Disease; Economics; Employment; Family; Family member; Fathers; Food; Friends; High Prevalence; Housing; Hygiene; Infection; Inflammation; Interview; Italy; Measures; Medical; Medical Records; Methods; Mothers; Nature; Neighborhoods; Occupations; Outcome; Policies; Postpartum Women; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Premature Birth; Prevalence; Publishing; Questionnaires; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Savings; Shelter facility; Site; Sleep; Social Distance; Social isolation; Social support; Stress; Surveys; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Viral; Wages; Water; Woman; adverse birth outcomes; cohort; coping; depressive symptoms; experience; flexibility; intimate partner violence; metropolitan; neighborhood disadvantage; pandemic disease; perceived stress; pregnant; psychological distress; racial discrimination; racial disparity; social stressor; stress symptom

ABSTRACT Black women are more likely to become ill with COVID-19 than Whites, with disparities reported in many cities including Detroit, one of our sites. Black women are overrepresented in the low-wage essential workforce and more likely to live in disadvantaged neighborhoods (e.g., crowded housing) facing challenges in social distancing. Blacks have less in the way of savings and possibly less flexible employers than Whites, increasing risks for economic hardship (e.g., loss of jobs). Black women may experience discrimination in obtaining testing and medical care for COVID-19 symptoms for themselves and their families. Due to “shelter in place” policy and job losses with the pandemic, Black women may also experience increased conflict with their partner and higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) due to families spending nearly all waking and sleeping time together. Racial disparities -- in COVID-19 prevalence and death rates, employment, neighborhood conditions, economic hardship, IPV, and discrimination in testing and medical care -- may all increase psychological distress (e.g., depressive symptoms) for Black women. However, no published research has examined Black women’s experiences during a viral pandemic such as we are now experiencing. We hypothesize that Black women will experience more discrimination, economic hardship, conflict with partner, IPV and psychological distress as well as lower levels of support during the pandemic than pre-pandemic. Our cohort is comprised of 658 Black women from the Detroit, MI and Columbus, OH metropolitan areas. As part of the R01 study, women completed questionnaires during their pregnancies (T1=pre-pandemic). For this supplemental study, women will complete an online survey (T2= during the pandemic) on a smart phone or another device. The T2 survey will include key domains from the T1 survey (e.g., depressive symptoms, social support, IPV) and provide a second critical time point in the context of the pandemic. We expect some domains to be especially impacted by the pandemic (e.g., discrimination, stress). We also added items to capture COVID-19 specific issues, including experiences within their network (e.g. family members sickened), as well as measures pertinent to the situation (e.g., social isolation). A subsample of women will participate in qualitative interviews for an in-depth understanding of their experiences. We aim to: (1) Examine associations of disadvantaged neighborhoods, racial discrimination and economic hardship with psychological distress at both time points (T1 and T2); (2) Examine whether relationship with the partner, IPV, and psychological distress are impacted by the pandemic by comparing the pre-pandemic and during pandemic time points; (3) Examine how social isolation and social support relate to relationship with the partner, IPV, and psychological distress during the pandemic; and (4) Explore pregnant women’s experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic through qualitative interviews. Black women are especially vulnerable during the pandemic. The time-sensitive nature of the COVID-19 pandemic demands the immediate exploration of women’s experiences.

抽象的 黑人女性比白人女性更容易感染 COVID-19，许多地区存在差异 包括底特律在内的城市，黑人女性在低工资基本劳动力中所占比例过高。 更有可能生活在面临社会挑战的弱势社区（例如，拥挤的住房） 与白人相比，黑人的储蓄更少，雇主的灵活性也可能更低，从而增加了距离。 经济困难的风险（例如失业）。 由于“就地避难”，为自己及其家人提供针对 COVID-19 症状的检测和医疗护理。 随着大流行的政策和失业，黑人女性也可能会与伴侣发生更多的冲突 由于家庭几乎所有醒着和睡觉的时间都花在了亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）上 种族差异——COVID-19 患病率和死亡率、就业、社区条件、 经济困难、IPV以及检测和医疗保健方面的歧视——都可能会增加心理压力 黑人女性的痛苦（例如抑郁症状）但是，尚未发表的研究对黑人进行了调查。 女性在我们现在正在经历的病毒大流行期间的经历。 女性将经历更多的歧视、经济困难、与伴侣的冲突、IPV和心理问题 与大流行前相比，大流行期间的痛苦和支持水平较低。 我们的队列由来自密歇根州底特律和俄亥俄州哥伦布大都市地区的 658 名黑人女性组成。 作为 R01 研究的一部分，女性在怀孕期间填写了问卷（T1=大流行前）。 在这项补充研究中，女性将通过智能手机或完成在线调查（T2=大流行期间） T2 调查将包括 T1 调查的关键领域（例如抑郁症状、社交）。 支持，IPV）并在大流行的背景下提供第二个关键时间点，我们预计某些领域。 我们还添加了要捕捉的项目。 COVID-19 的具体问题，包括其网络内的经历（例如家庭成员生病），以及 作为与情况相关的措施（例如，社会隔离）。 定性访谈以深入了解他们的经历我们的目标是：（1）检查协会。 贫困社区、种族歧视和经济困难以及心理困扰 两个时间点（T1和T2）；（2）检查是否与伴侣的关系、IPV和心理困扰 通过比较大流行前和大流行期间的时间点，检查是否受到大流行的影响； 社会隔离和社会支持与伴侣关系、IPV 和心理困扰有何关系 (4) 通过以下方式探索孕妇在 COVID-19 大流行期间的经历： 定性访谈在大流行期间尤其容易受到影响。 应对 COVID-19 大流行需要立即探索女性的经历。