Development and evolution of implicit understanding of others: Evolutionary and developmental study of implicit theory of mind.

对他人的内隐理解的发展和演化：内隐心理理论的演化和发展研究。

基本信息

批准号：
16500161
负责人：
ITAKURA Shoji
金额：
$ 2.31万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this project, I focused the evolution and development of implicit theory of mind rather than explicit theory of mind, in which the main task of explicit theory of mind is 'False Belief Task.' These implicit theory of mind and explicit theory of mind correspond to recent concept, dual process of social cognition. Gaze following, perception of biological motion, and face perception are categorized into implicit of theory of mind, and False Belief Task is categorized into explicit theory of mind. Formers are implicit process and the latter is higher order process. In here, I will summarize the outcome of the studies for 4 years below.1) Human infants are highly sensitive to others' responses since very early period. This specific sensitivity makes them to communicate with their caregivers, such as turn taking. An appropriate response to infants are called "social contingency." In the previous study, infants show this kind of sensitivity from 4-month-olds. We demonstrated that even one- … More month-old infants have such sensitivity by employing double video paradigm, in where infant and mother communicate through the TV monitor.2) Eye gaze is extraordinary important in our communication. Eye movement has been thought that it reflect the process of our thinking behavior, such as Lateral Eye Movement (LEM). In the current study, we recorded the direction of eye movement during face to face situation with social partner. Social partner (experimenter) gave two kinds of questions, such as knowledge questions and think questions. Knowledge question is to ask what the subject has already as a kind of knowledge. For example, "How old are you?" Think question is to ask what he/she has to think to answer. For example, "How far does the car which can move 60Km per hour go?" We found that the subject eyes moved down when he/she was given the think questions. This result was different from that of North American people. We concluded that this eye movement has function of social signal. We also employed and conducted same experiment, and we obtained similar results.3) Human children developed their ability of inhibitory control during preschool hood. We tested the chimpanzee whether they can control according to the new rule in DCCS task, and are compared to the results of 5-year-old children. The chimpanzees' performance is just like 3-year-old children. Their ability of inhibitory control is constraint in some level. Less

在这个项目中，我关注的是内隐心理理论的演变和发展，而不是外显心理理论，其中外显心理理论的主要任务是“错误信念任务”，这些内隐心理理论和外显心理理论是对应的。就最近的概念而言，社会认知的双重过程被归类为内隐心理理论，而错误信念任务则被归类为外显心理理论。高阶过程。在这里，我将总结四年来的研究结果。1）人类婴儿从很小的时候起就对他人的反应高度敏感，这种特殊的敏感性使他们能够与照顾者进行适当的交流。对婴儿的反应被称为“社会偶然性”。在之前的研究中，婴儿从 4 个月大的婴儿就表现出这种敏感性，我们通过采用双视频范式证明，即使是 1 个月大的婴儿也具有这种敏感性。婴儿和母亲通过2）眼睛注视在我们的交流中非常重要。眼睛运动被认为反映了我们的思维行为过程，例如横向眼动（LEM），在当前的研究中，我们记录了眼睛运动的方向。在与社会伙伴面对面的情况下，社会伙伴（实验者）提出了两种问题，例如知识问题和思考问题。知识问题是询问受试者已经拥有什么知识，例如“多大了”。你是吗？”认为问题是问他/她什么例如，“每小时行驶60公里的汽车能走多远？”我们发现，当受试者回答思考问题时，他/她的眼睛会向下移动，这个结果与诺斯的结果不同。美国人。我们也进行了同样的实验，得出了这种眼球运动具有社交信号功能的结论。3）人类儿童在学龄前阶段就发展出了抑制控制能力。按照新规定进行控制DCCS任务，与5岁儿童的结果相比，黑猩猩的表现与3岁儿童一样，其抑制控制能力在一定程度上受到限制。