Contrastive sociolinguistic study on language behavior and communicative competence in Japanese and German

日语和德语语言行为和交际能力的社会语言学对比研究

基本信息

批准号：
14510582
负责人：
YAMASHITA Hitoshi
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The primary concern of this study is to clarify correlations between language behavior and the communicative competence in German and Japanese. The purpose of this study is to consider from the viewpoint of the contrastive sociolinguistics of what German communicative competences consist. First of all, to pursue this purpose, the conceptual definition of communicative competence was discussed. This result was published in "Sociolinguistics, An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society". Next, politeness was regarded as one of the communicative competence, and the objects of this study were clarified : realities of the language behavior, social norms, evaluating concepts as commonsense in everyday life, rules of language use, language norms, concepts of communicative virtues, a historical development of language use and a relation between language and ideology. In addition, it has been found that not only "politeness" ("Hoflichkeit"), but also other concepts play an important role in contemporary German society based on empirical investigation in this research : as positive evaluating concepts, these are "ehrlich", "freundlich", "tolerant", "hilfsbereit" etc ; as negative concepts, "arrogant", "unehrlich", intolerant", "egoistisch", "rucksichtslos" etc. Moreover, the development of the study on politeness in Europe and in Japan was theoretically compared and contrasted. It was confirmed that, while the researches in Europe dealt with relationship between politeness and ideology, this aspect was not sufficiently researched in Japan. As macro-sociolinguistic researches, I also discussed the status of German language in Japanese society and the relation between communicative competence and language policies.

本研究的主要目的是阐明德语和日语的语言行为与交际能力之间的相关性。本研究的目的是从对比社会语言学的角度来思考德国人的交际能力的构成。首先，为了实现这一目的，讨论了交际能力的概念定义。该成果发表在《Sociolinguistics, An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society》上。其次，将礼貌视为交际能力之一，并明确了本研究的对象：语言行为的现实、社会规范、日常生活中常识性的概念评价、语言使用规则、语言规范、交际美德的概念。、语言使用的历史发展以及语言与意识形态之间的关系。此外，本研究通过实证调查发现，不仅“礼貌”（“Hoflichkeit”），其他概念在当代德国社会中也发挥着重要作用：作为积极评价的概念，有“ehrlich”、 “freundlich”、“宽容”、“hilfsbereit”等；此外，还对欧洲和日本礼貌研究的发展进行了理论上的比较和对比。结果证实，虽然欧洲的研究涉及礼貌与意识形态的关系，这方面在日本研究得不够充分。作为宏观社会语言学研究，我还讨论了德语在日本社会中的地位。以及交际能力和语言政策之间的关系。