Evolution process of Periodical cicada

周期蝉的进化过程

基本信息

批准号：
18570016
负责人：
YOSHIMURA Jin
金额：
$ 2.61万
依托单位：
Shizuoka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Two hypotheses compete to, explain the evolution of prime number reproductive intervals (life cycles) among periodical cicadas: the anti-predatory hypothesis and hybridization one. The anti-predatory hypothesis claims that prime number intervals help to protect cicadas from being overwhelmed by their predators. The hybridization hypothesis claims that prime numbers greatly reduce the chance of hybridization among cicada broods. To test the hybridization hypothesis we build a simulation model. A deterministic, discrete population model is build with three parameters: larval survival per year clutch size; emergence success. Reproductive intervals from ten years to twenty years compete far survival in the simulations. The model makes two key assumptions: a Mendelian genetic system and random mating. In addition, longer-interval phenotypes have larger broods but suffer higher total mortality than shorterinterval broods. We keep track all population sizes of all pure intervals and hybrids with birth year Non-prime number reproductive intervals rapidly disappear Then the 19-year phenotype is gradually eliminated by the 13- and 17-year phenotypes. The 13- and 17-year phenotypes may coexist. The selection of 13- or 17-year intervals happens only when populations are at the verge of extinction.We also build several discrete models of evolutionary and population dynamics: sex ratio evolution, yeast population dynamics, biodiversity of planktons, speciation dynamics, etc. based on the mechanisms developed in the evolutionary dynamics of periodical cicadas.

有两种假说竞相解释周期性蝉的质数繁殖间隔（生命周期）的演变：反捕食假说和杂交假说。反捕食假说声称素数间隔有助于保护蝉不被捕食者淹没。杂交假说声称素数大大降低了蝉窝之间杂交的机会。为了测试杂交假设，我们建立了一个模拟模型。使用三个参数构建确定性离散种群模型：每年幼体存活率、窝数；出现成功。在模拟中，十年到二十年的繁殖间隔与远期生存竞争。该模型做出了两个关键假设：孟德尔遗传系统和随机交配。此外，较长间隔的表型具有较大的巢群，但与较短间隔的巢群相比，其总死亡率较高。我们跟踪所有纯间隔和杂交的种群规模与出生年份。非素数繁殖间隔迅速消失，然后 19 年表型逐渐被 13 年和 17 年表型消除。 13年和17年的表型可能共存。只有当种群处于灭绝边缘时，才会选择 13 年或 17 年的间隔。我们还建立了几个进化和种群动态的离散模型：性别比进化、酵母种群动态、浮游生物的生物多样性、物种形成动态等。基于周期蝉进化动力学中发展的机制。