Evolution process of Periodical cicada

周期蝉的进化过程

基本信息

批准号：
18570016
负责人：
YOSHIMURA Jin
金额：
$ 2.61万
依托单位：
Shizuoka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Two hypotheses compete to, explain the evolution of prime number reproductive intervals (life cycles) among periodical cicadas: the anti-predatory hypothesis and hybridization one. The anti-predatory hypothesis claims that prime number intervals help to protect cicadas from being overwhelmed by their predators. The hybridization hypothesis claims that prime numbers greatly reduce the chance of hybridization among cicada broods. To test the hybridization hypothesis we build a simulation model. A deterministic, discrete population model is build with three parameters: larval survival per year clutch size; emergence success. Reproductive intervals from ten years to twenty years compete far survival in the simulations. The model makes two key assumptions: a Mendelian genetic system and random mating. In addition, longer-interval phenotypes have larger broods but suffer higher total mortality than shorterinterval broods. We keep track all population sizes of all pure intervals and hybrids with birth year Non-prime number reproductive intervals rapidly disappear Then the 19-year phenotype is gradually eliminated by the 13- and 17-year phenotypes. The 13- and 17-year phenotypes may coexist. The selection of 13- or 17-year intervals happens only when populations are at the verge of extinction.We also build several discrete models of evolutionary and population dynamics: sex ratio evolution, yeast population dynamics, biodiversity of planktons, speciation dynamics, etc. based on the mechanisms developed in the evolutionary dynamics of periodical cicadas.

两个假设竞争，解释了周期性蝉之间质数生殖间隔（生命周期）的演变：抗侵犯假设和杂交一个。抗侵犯的假设声称，质数间隔有助于保护蝉免受其捕食者的不知所措。杂交假设声称，质数大大减少了蝉亲和杂交的机会。为了检验杂交假设，我们构建了一个仿真模型。确定性的，离散的人口模型是建立三个参数的：每年的幼虫存活率；出现成功。从十年到二十年的生殖间隔在模拟中竞争远。该模型提出了两个关键的假设：孟德尔遗传系统和随机交配。此外，长长的表型具有更大的育雏率，但总死亡率高于短室育雏。我们跟踪所有纯间隔和混合动力的所有人口大小，其出生年度非prime数量生殖间隔迅速消失，然后由13年和17年的表型逐渐消除了19年的表型。 13年和17年的表型可以共存。仅当种群处于灭绝的边缘时，才会选择13年或17年的间隔。我们还建立了几种离散的进化和种群动态模型：性别比进化，酵母菌种群动态，浮游物种形成动力学，形成性动力学等，基于定期cicacadas进化动力学的机制。