Mechanisms of speciation

物种形成机制

• 批准号: 11833005
• 负责人: YOSHIMURA Jin
• 金额: $ 2.37万
• 依托单位: Shizuoka University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11833005/
• 关键词: speciation; sexual selection; individual-based model; reinforcement; land snails; simulation; numerical analysis; 陸生貝類; 陸性貝類

The purpose of this study is to investigate the conditions that allows speciation that is the only source of species diversity of organisms. This study to scrutinize the speciation mechanisms is carried out by the theoretical studies and the empirical studies using fossil records and molecular phylogeny.Specifically, we build a basic individual-based model of sexual selection and studied the possibility and conditions of speciation. We examined how the likelihood of speciation depends on the distributions of a male sexual character and the associated female preference characters. We found that the frequency of speciation events increases with the overall variations in the male and female traits that depend on the duration of isolation of two conspecific populations. This indicates that the speciation events are not limited by ecological niche widths, rather it is unlimited due to the variation in mating preferences.This result suggests, that extraordinal species diversity seen in some communities, such as tropical forests and cichlid fishes in African lakes could be possible due to speciation by sexual selection.We carried out many extensions and related studies of biodiversity and mating behavior from the main project : (1) large-scale model of multiple speciations in relation to geographical spatial distributions and long-term environmental fluctuations (e.g., glacial periods), (2) the lattice model of stability and coexistence of many species (grassland community model) to evaluate the stability and coexistence of newly speciated species, (3) an individual-based mating behavior model of hilltopping behavior in insects and simulations, and (4) the quantitative analyses of stability and seasonality of animal sex ratios.

这项研究的目的是研究允许物种物种是生物体物种多样性来源的条件。这项研究仔细检查了物种机制的研究是通过理论研究和实证研究使用化石记录和分子系统发育进行的。我们构建了一种基于基于个体的性选择的基本基本模型，并研究了物种的可能性和条件。我们研究了形成的可能性如何取决于男性性特征和相关女性偏好特征的分布。我们发现，物种事件的频率随着男性和女性特征的总体变化而增加，这取决于两个同种群的隔离持续时间。这表明物种事件不受生态利基宽度的限制，而是由于交配偏好的差异而无限的。这表明，在某些社区中看到的特殊物种多样性，例如热带森林和非洲湖泊中的酸裂鱼类，可能会有可能由于性选择的物种形象，我们进行了许多主要项目的生物多样性和交配行为的扩展和相关研究：（1）与地理空间分布和长期环境波动有关的多个规格的大型模型（例如，冰川期），（2）许多物种（草地社区模型）的稳定性和共存的晶格模型，以评估新指定物种的稳定性和共存，（3）一种基于个体的昆虫山地交配行为模型和模拟，以及（4）动物性别比的稳定性和季节性的定量分析。

项目成果

Y.Sakisaka, H.Amagai, T.Yahara, J.Yoshimura: "Should frogs Rana rugosa control their offspring's sex ratio adaptively?"Proceedings of Two Symposia on Ecology and Evolution in VIII INTECOL. 49-55 (2002)

Y.Sakisaka、H.Amagai、T.Yahara、J.Yoshimura：“青蛙应该适应性地控制后代的性别比例吗？”第八届 INTECOL 生态学与进化论两场研讨会论文集。

M.Kawata: "The effects of dispersal behavior in group selection"Evolutionary Ecology Research. 1. 663-680 (1999)

M.Kawata：“群体选择中分散行为的影响”进化生态学研究。

H. Amagai, T. Kawai, N. Nakagiri, Y. Sakisaka, K. Tainaka and J. Yoshimura: "Genotypic canalization and stability in the 50/50 sex ratio"Proceedings of Two Symposia on Ecology and Evolution in VIII INTECOL. 94-99 (2002)

H. Amagai、T. Kawai、N. Nakagiri、Y. Sakisaka、K. Tainaka 和 J. Yoshimura：“50/50 性别比例中的基因型运河化和稳定性”第八届 INTECOL 生态学和进化论两次研讨会论文集。

M. Shiyomi and J. Yoshimura: "Measures of spatial heterogeneity for plant occurrence or disease incidence with finite-count"Ecological Research. 15. 13-20 (2000)

M. Shiyomi 和 J. Yoshimura：“有限计数植物发生或疾病发生的空间异质性测量”生态研究。

M.Kawata: "Invasion of vacant niches and subsequent sympatric speciation"Proc. Royal Soc. London B. 269. 55-63 (2002)

M.Kawata：“空位的入侵和随后的同域物种形成”Proc。