Historical Phases of Acceptance or Exclusion of Students with Disabilities in the Public School Classes-Sources of Inclusive Education in the United States-

公立学校班级接受或排斥残疾学生的历史阶段-美国全纳教育的来源-

• 批准号: 17330200
• 负责人: OKA Noriko
• 金额: $ 7.33万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Gakugei University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17330200/
• 关键词: United States; public schools; special classes; acceptance; exclusion; stigma; citizenship; inclusive education; 20世紀; 統合; カリキュラム; 障害カテゴリー; 専門性; 都市横断比較; 入所施設; 公立学校制度; 歴史的検討

This study aimed to examine the essence and the challenges of inclusive education by focusing on United States, a country where inclusive education was actively debated and at the same time, faced most serious challenges. This study focused on the formation, the development process and the educational, social significance of special classes ; an ideological, systematical, methodological starting point of inclusive education. Today, special classes are considered as negation of inclusion or in other words, symbol of special education, and is used as one of the targets of criticism by inclusive education advocates. However, unlike their criticism, special classes already had some essence of the inclusive education related ideology and some methods to achieve it from the time when it was first established. For example, an argument over inclusive education seems to only focus on the ideology of individual needs and integration with mainstream schools. However, these problems have already b … More een recognized and debated since the special classes were first established and its countermeasures were discussed although the method and the level varied among different types of disabilities.The conditions of special classes varied with in the United States ; it differed between cities, and the types of disabilities which the school targeted. For example, the argument between integration and separation or segregation and its context, the opinion of special class related individuals, the terms and conditions which contributed to the development and the set backs of special classes, the development or improvement of teaching contents and methods, and the stigma all have their own actual circumstances.Therefore inclusive advocates' argument ; all special classes being exclusive, is inaccurate and instead, clarifying what was and what was not accomplished by the special classes would lead to the discovery of necessary challenges and the means to overcome for the realization of inclusive education. Less

这项研究旨在通过专注于美国的国家来审查包容性教育的本质和挑战，在这个国家积极辩论包容性教育，同时面临着最严重的挑战。这项研究的重点是构成，发展过程和教育，特殊阶层的社会意义；一种意识形态，系统的，方法论的起点，是全纳教育的起点。如今，特殊阶层被认为是包容性的谈判或换句话说，是特殊教育的象征，并被包容性教育的倡导者用作关键主义的目标之一。但是，与他们的批评主义不同，特殊班级已经具有与全纳教育相关的构想的本质，并且从首次建立起来就可以实现它。例如，关于包容性教育的论点似乎只关注个人需求的构想和与主流学校的融合。但是，这些问题已经成为……自从特殊阶层首次建立以来，人们已经认可和辩论了更多的辩论和辩论，并且讨论了其对策，尽管该方法和水平在不同类型的残疾人之间有所不同。特殊阶层的条件在美国各不相同；它在城市之间以及学校针对的残疾类型之间有所不同。例如，集成与分离或隔离之间的论点及其上下文，特殊阶级相关的个人的意见，有助于发展的条款和条件，以及特殊阶层的背部，教学内容和方法的发展或改善以及污名都有其自己的实际情况。所有特殊班级都是排他性的，不准确，相反，澄清特殊阶层是什么和未完成的事情，都会导致发现必要的挑战，并克服实现包容性教育的手段。较少的

项目成果

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海伦·凯勒和她的时代——20世纪美国聋盲人的实际​​生活状况及教育福利的发展——

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Jongsuk;Hong;Munehisa Yoshitoshi;Yasushi Kawai;Sachiyo Ishida;Masaaki Nimonji and Noriko Oka;寺井正憲;中村満紀男・岡 典子;青山浩之;Makio Nakamura and Noriko Oka;府川源一郎;中村満紀男・岡 典子;府川源一郎;岡 典子
• 通讯作者: 岡 典子

ヴァインランド・トレーニング・スクールにおける「精神薄弱」特殊学級担当教員養成研修プログラム-初期の実態-

瓦恩兰培训学校智力低下特殊班教师培训项目-初始状态

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 心身障害学研究 29
• 作者: Akiko;Iribe;米田宏樹・本間貴子・岡 典子・山田慶子
• 通讯作者: 米田宏樹・本間貴子・岡 典子・山田慶子

Eugenicists' views on democracy in relation to the "feebleminded" inpre-World War II America

优生学家对二战前美国“弱智者”民主的看法

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: The Japanese Journal of Special Education 45(6)
• 作者: Makio Nakamura;Noriko Oka
• 通讯作者: Noriko Oka

各種講習会・研究集会の実態にみる戦後日本の知的障害教育内容・方法に関する議論の展開-1963年「養護学校小学部・中学部学習指導要領精神薄弱教育編」の成立までを中心に-

从各种研讨会和研究会的实际情况看日本战后智力障碍教育内容和方法的讨论进展——以1963年《智力低下教育版课程》制定之前为中心中小学儿童急需学校指导方针》——

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 心身障害学研究 30
• 作者: 張東淑;米田宏樹
• 通讯作者: 米田宏樹

Self-Reliance, Equity and Exclusion : Phases of Education of the Visually Disabled Children in the Beginning of the 20th Century in the United States

自力更生、公平与排斥:20世纪初美国视障儿童的教育阶段

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Jongsuk;Hong;Munehisa Yoshitoshi;Yasushi Kawai;Sachiyo Ishida;Masaaki Nimonji and Noriko Oka;寺井正憲;中村満紀男・岡 典子;青山浩之;Makio Nakamura and Noriko Oka;府川源一郎;中村満紀男・岡 典子;府川源一郎;岡 典子;甲斐雄一郎;中村満紀男;上谷順三郎;岡 典子;上谷順三郎;寺井正憲;Noriko Oka
• 通讯作者: Noriko Oka