The study of infectious diseases in infants and children in Asia

亚洲婴儿和儿童传染病研究

基本信息

批准号：
16406030
负责人：
USHIJIMA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 6.4万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Development of diagnosis and molecular epidemiological study have done in Asian children mainly with viral gastroenteritis, viral hepatitis and HIV infection. (1) As diagnosis, we newly developed immunochromatography and LAMP for norovirus detection. Real time PCR was used for low amount of norovirus RNA for environment. In addition, we developed multiplex PCR for screening of diarrheal viruses in stool specimens from Thailand, China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Srilanka and Eastern Russia and for HIV subtypes in blood samples. (2) As molecular epidemiology, rotavirus, enteric adenovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus and norovirus were examined. Rate of rotavirus infection is higher in Asian countries than in Japan. While, rate of norovirus infection is higher in Japan than in Asian countries. Generally, G1 rotavirus decreased and G9 as well as G3 sequentially increased from 2000, however, G1 rotavirus increased again after 2006. Lineage in each genotype changed year by year. Reassortant rotaviruses were found in human and porcine. New P[27] genotype was discovered in porcine. Genotype 41 enteric adenovirus has still been main type. Genotypes 40 and 41 of adenovirus were divided into subtypes and new subtype was found. Norovirus GII/4 was major type in all countries. New recombinant norovirus appeared and then it became the major type every year. Different norovirus clusters were found sometimes in year and country, however generally almost same cluster of norovirus appeared simultaneously in all countries. Genotype 1 and subtype C were major in astrovirus and hepatitis B viruses, respectively. Gastroenteritis viruses were examined in imported oyster from China for 1 year. Norovirus was found mostly but a small number of rotavirus was also found in oysters. Of these GII/4 and GII/3 noroviruses were predominant genotypes.

主要针对亚洲儿童病毒性胃肠炎、病毒性肝炎和艾滋病毒感染进行了诊断和分子流行病学研究。 (1)作为诊断，我们新开发了用于诺如病毒检测的免疫层析和LAMP。实时PCR用于环境中的少量诺如病毒RNA。此外，我们还开发了多重 PCR，用于筛查泰国、中国、越南、孟加拉国、斯里兰卡和俄罗斯东部粪便样本中的腹泻病毒以及血液样本中的 HIV 亚型。 (2)分子流行病学检查了轮状病毒、肠道腺病毒、星状病毒、沙波病毒和诺如病毒。亚洲国家的轮状病毒感染率高于日本。而日本的诺如病毒感染率高于亚洲国家。总体而言，从2000年开始，G1轮状病毒逐渐减少，G9、G3轮状病毒依次增加，但2006年以后G1轮状病毒再次增加。各基因型的谱系逐年变化。在人和猪体内发现了重配轮状病毒。在猪中发现了新的 P[27] 基因型。基因41型肠道腺病毒仍是主要类型。腺病毒基因型40和41被分为亚型，并发现了新的亚型。诺如病毒GII/4是所有国家的主要病毒类型。每年都有新的重组诺如病毒出现，并成为主要病毒类型。有时在年份和国家中发现不同的诺如病毒簇，但通常几乎相同的诺如病毒簇在所有国家同时出现。基因型1和C亚型分别以星状病毒和乙型肝炎病毒为主。对从中国进口的牡蛎进行了为期一年的胃肠炎病毒检测。牡蛎中主要发现诺如病毒，但也发现少量轮状病毒。其中 GII/4 和 GII/3 诺如病毒是主要基因型。