A Study on Sustainable Tourism Development in Chinese Historic Towns and Villages

中国历史文化名镇旅游可持续发展研究

• 批准号: 16402033
• 负责人: YAMAMURA Takayoshi
• 金额: $ 7.17万
• 依托单位: Kyoto Saga University of Arts
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16402033/
• 关键词: China; Yunnan; Lijiang; World Heritage; tourism; historical building; indigenous inhabitant; the Naxis

This study attempted to clarify the issues facing the tourist industry at the Old Town of Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China, a World Heritage Site. The ways in which both the existing indigenous society (a minority known as the Naxis) and the majority peoples, temporary residents, engage in commercial tourism-related activities were examined. As a result, it was found that, in recent years, the usage of historic buildings has drastically changed. At present, over 90% of shops are tourist-oriented souvenir shops and restaurants. Furthermore, over 50% of shopkeepers are temporary residents, mainly Han Chinese, with a large majority renting rooms from indigenous owners. These findings suggest that the location of the residences of the indigenous minority and its culture are rapidly changing as tourism develops.The authors categorize the development approach of cultural heritage tourism into two patterns. One is the "outside-in" approach, which means to dominantly satisfy the tourists' needs while sacrificing the local cultural character. The other approach is the "inside-out" approach, which means that the local community follows its own growth principle, and tourists come in mostly to enjoy and to learn from the local wisdom. We examine the two approaches by taking the current status of protected buildings in Lijiang city as a case study. In this famous Chinese world heritage city, some 140 important vernacular buildings face serious pressure of tourism oriented transformation both in form and in usage. We investigate the buildings and find they have changed their usage dramatically, accompanied with relevant changes in form, layout, and decoration styles. We further review the policy system and find that these changes in vernacular buildings are due to lack of proper standing in conservation policy system, lack of sufficient financial aid, and lack of full technical support.

这项研究试图阐明世界遗产的中国云南省的旧城区Lijiang的旅游业面临的问题。研究了现有的土著社会（称为纳西斯人）和大多数人，临时居民，从事与商业旅游有关的活动的方式。结果，发现近年来，历史建筑的使用情况发生了巨大变化。目前，超过90％的商店是面向旅游的纪念品商店和餐馆。此外，超过50％的店主是临时居民，主要是汉人，其中大多数租金从土著所有者那里租房。这些发现表明，随着旅游业的发展，土著少数民族及其文化的住所正在迅速变化。作者将文化遗产旅游业的发展方法归类为两种模式。一种是“外部”方法，这意味着在牺牲当地文化特征的同时，主要满足游客的需求。另一种方法是“内而外”的方法，这意味着当地社区遵循其自己的成长原则，游客大部分是为了享受并从当地智慧中学习。我们通过将受保护的建筑物在利江城的当前状态作为案例研究来研究这两种方法。在这个著名的中国世界遗产城市中，大约140个重要的白话建筑面临着以旅游业为导向的巨大压力。我们研究建筑物，发现它们已经发生了巨大变化，并伴随着形式，布局和装饰样式的相关变化。我们进一步审查了政策制度，并发现白话建筑物中的这些变化是由于缺乏适当的保护政策系统，缺乏足够的经济援助以及缺乏全面的技术支持所致。

项目成果

Cultural Tourism Development as a Regional Development Issue in Developing Countries : The Latest Trend of Issues and Studies concerning the Relationship between Cultural Heritage and Tourism Development

文化旅游发展作为发展中国家的区域发展问题:文化遗产与旅游发展关系问题与研究的最新动向

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Senri Ethnological Reports 61
• 作者: Yamamura;Takayoshi.
• 通讯作者: Takayoshi.

Green Hope Project : An Experience of Forest Management Based on the Partnership between Government, Local Community, and Tourists

绿色希望工程：政府、当地社区和游客合作的森林管理经验

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: TOURISM CULTURE and COMMUNICATION Vol.5
• 作者: Yamamura;Takayoshi Zhang;Tianxin He;Aijun.
• 通讯作者: Aijun.

入選世界遺産後麗江古城社会文化面貌的演変 : 対地区旅游化和零售業的分析

丽江古城入选世界遗产后社会文化面貌的变化——区域旅游及旅游业分析

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 活着的茶馬古道重鎮麗江大研古城~茶馬古道與麗江古城歴史文化論文集(木仕華主編)(北京 : 民族出版社)(中国社会科学院民族学與人類学研究所)
• 作者: Sawada;Yukari;沢田 ゆかり;沢田 ゆかり;Yokota Nobuko;Osawa Mari;Sawada Yukari;Sawada Yukari;Sawada Yukari;大沢真理編;園田 茂人;園田 茂人;園田 茂人;園田 茂人;園田 茂人;園田 茂人;Shigeto Sonoda;Shigeto Sonoda;Shigeto Sonoda;Shigeto Sonoda;園田 茂人+康 暁光;園田 茂人;園田茂人;園田茂人;園田茂人;園田茂人;園田茂人;園田 茂人;Shigeto Sonoda;Shigeto Sonoda;Shigeto Sonoda;Shigeto Sonoda;園田 茂人;Shigeto Sonoda;山村高淑;藤木庸介;北川恵美;山村高淑
• 通讯作者: 山村高淑

Tourism and Transition : Political, Economic and Social Issues (Derek R, Hall (ed.))

旅游与转型：政治、经济和社会问题（Derek R，Hall（编辑））

• 发表时间: 2004
• 作者: TAMAMURA;Takayoshi et al.
• 通讯作者: Takayoshi et al.

麗江旧市街地の保全に関する社会文化的課題の考察~観光地化が世界遺産都市の空間および社会に与える影響の多角的分析・その1

丽江古城保护相关社会文化问题的思考~旅游目的地对世界遗产城市空间和社会影响的多层面分析（一）

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 京都嵯峨芸術大学紀要 第31号
• 作者: Sawada;Yukari;沢田 ゆかり;沢田 ゆかり;Yokota Nobuko;Osawa Mari;Sawada Yukari;Sawada Yukari;Sawada Yukari;大沢真理編;園田 茂人;園田 茂人;園田 茂人;園田 茂人;園田 茂人;園田 茂人;Shigeto Sonoda;Shigeto Sonoda;Shigeto Sonoda;Shigeto Sonoda;園田 茂人+康 暁光;園田 茂人;園田茂人;園田茂人;園田茂人;園田茂人;園田茂人;園田 茂人;Shigeto Sonoda;Shigeto Sonoda;Shigeto Sonoda;Shigeto Sonoda;園田 茂人;Shigeto Sonoda;山村高淑
• 通讯作者: 山村高淑