STUDIES ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN SEMI-ARID AREA OF AFRICA

非洲半干旱地区环境变化与人类活动研究

基本信息

批准号：
13371013
负责人：
MIZUNO Kazuharu
金额：
$ 32.53万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13371013/
关键词：
SEMI-ARID AREA ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE VEGETATION SUCCESSION HUMAN ACTIVITY DESERTIFICATION SOIL FORMATION CLIMATIC CHANGE NAMIBIA

项目摘要

This research project sought to determine the environmental history of the semi-arid area of Namibia from the Last Glacial stage, and recent environmental changes, including changes in climate, topography, vegetation, soil, land utilization, and agriculture.(1)The relationship between the environmental change and the dead tree was surveyed in the Kuiseb River basin. It was considered that sand deposited by flood and change of environments affected the dead trees.(2)Factors controlling the changes in vegetation structure of savanna vegetation in Namibia were clarified in macro-and meso-scale. The geographical distribution of the various savanna types in Namibia was principally controlled by two different factors that are independent of the amount of annual precipitation : the water-holding capacity of the soil and ecological characteristics of Mopane.(3)The paleohydorological environmental changes of the Kuiseb river basin was investigated in Namib Desert. The fluvial land forms and the soil profiles on each geomorphic surface were examined at middle course of the Kuiseb River in order to estimate the paleoenvironmental condition.(4)The origin of the fog was surveyed in Namib Desert. In the daytime, the air which is comparatively moist because of sea breeze moved to the inland, and it is solidified by radiative cooling in the night. The water vapor runs the fog and it is blown by the land wind to the westward.

本研究项目旨在确定纳米比亚半干旱地区自末次冰期以来的环境历史，以及近期的环境变化，包括气候、地形、植被、土壤、土地利用和农业的变化。(1)关系在 Kuiseb 河流域对环境变化与枯树之间的关系进行了调查。认为洪水积沙和环境变化对死树产生了影响。(2)从宏观和中观层面明确了纳米比亚稀树草原植被植被结构变化的控制因素。纳米比亚各种稀树草原类型的地理分布主要受两个与年降水量无关的不同因素控制：土壤持水能力和莫帕内的生态特征。（3）纳米比亚古水文环境变化在纳米布沙漠中对库伊塞布河流域进行了调查。为了评价古环境状况，对奎塞布河中游的河流地貌和各地貌面的土壤剖面进行了调查。(4)对纳米布沙漠雾的起源进行了调查。白天，因海风的作用而较为湿润的空气向内陆移动，夜间因辐射冷却而凝固。水汽带着雾气，被陆风吹向西边。