International Collaborative Studies on the Control of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases and Schostosomiasis

土源性蠕虫病和血吸虫病防治国际合作研究

• 批准号: 12800017
• 负责人: TAKEUCHI Tsutomu
• 金额: $ 19.26万
• 依托单位: Keio University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Special Purposes
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12800017/
• 关键词: Global parasite control initiative; Soil-transmitted helminth; Schistosaome; School health approach; Chemotherapy; International medical cooperation; 感染免疫; アポトーシス; 感染制圧

To establish the scientific basis of the international control strategy of parasitic diseases, that has been advocated by Japanese Government, a collaborative study was carried out regarding soil-transmitted helminthiases and schistosomiasis as these two parasitic diseases had been effectively suppressed by school-health approach in Japan. These studies led us to obtain following results ; (1)When the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection is low, e.g. less than 50%, mass examination and selected chemotherapy against only positive cases can be recommended ; however, if the prevalence is over 50% and the rate of enrollment in primary school is low like in Sub Saharan Africa, blanket treatment with albendazole seems more reasonable as judged from cost effectiveness etc. (2)A field study in Kenya demonstrated the safety of long period of administration of praziquantel ; however, the necessity to monitor the appearance of the drug resistant schistosomes should be stressed. (3)As … More one of the morbidities by schistosomiasis haematobia, irritating dysuria could be recognized among school children in the endemic area. (4)In regard to N. braziliensis infection as a model of hookworm diseases, an excretory-secretory substance was found to selectively inhibit γ-interferon production from T cells. Moreover, on the top portion of villi of intestine of the experimentally infected model, the activity of caspase3 was elevated, suggesting the dropping of epithelial cells is promoted by apotosis. In addition, a cell strain, IEC-6, was found toe be increasingly detached in the in vitro culture system by a substance from this parasite, and apotosis of this cell line was also promoted by the same substance. (5)Studies on development of effective vaccine against schistosomiasis was carried out, and suggested that calpain could be a candidate. Moreover, in the study of S. venezuelensis infection especially on the mechanism of its invasion into intestinal mucosa, an important role of sulfated carbohydrate localized in the mucosal tissue was demonstrated. (6)Studies on evaluation and development of rapid diagnostic test for soil-transmitted helminthiases indicated that Kato-Katz technique, which has been widely employed in the field surveillance, is not necessarily applicable to estimation of the prevalence, and sometimes reduces the reliability and effectiveness of such a field surveillance. (7)The current status of parasite control by school health approach was evaluated in Kenya and the surrounding countries, which demonstrated that the rate of infection with Schistosona haematobium reached 10-40% among school children in Kenya and Zanzibar. Accordingly school health approach could be regarded appropriate to solve these problems ; however, deworming in primary schools was attempted only at 22% and 65% in Kenya and Zanzibar, which should be improved. (8)Mapping of soil-transmitted helminth infections was carried out in Southeast Asia, which enabled us to utilize GIS for further analysis. The effectiveness of RS was also confirmed in Kenya, and if GIS is introduced based on epidemiological data of soil-transmitted helminthiases and schistosomiasis, detailed surveillance on these parasitic diseases seemed feasible. Less

为了建立由日本政府提倡的国际寄生虫疾病的科学基础，对土壤传播的蠕虫和血吸虫病进行了一项合作研究，因为这两种寄生虫受到日本学校健康方法的有效抑制。这些研究使我们获得了以下结果。 （1）当土壤传播的蠕虫感染的患病率较低时，例如少于50％，只建议仅针对阳性病例进行群众检查和选择的化疗；但是，如果患病率超过50％，并且像撒哈拉以南非洲的小学的入学率较低，那么对阿苯达唑的毛毯治疗似乎更合理，因为根据成本效益等，在肯尼亚的一项现场研究表明，长期使用praziquiquantel的安全性；但是，应强调监测抗药性血块的出现所需的必要条件。 （3）作为……血吸虫病血吸虫病的更多病毒性，刺激性排尿症可以在内在地区的小学生中得到认可。 （4）关于巴西猪笼草的感染是钩虫疾病的模型，发现一种极端分泌物质可有选择地抑制从T细胞中的γ-间隙产生。此外，在实验感染模型的肠道绒毛的顶部，CASPASE3的活性升高，表明上皮细胞的下降是通过凋亡促进的。此外，发现细胞菌株IEC-6越来越多地通过该寄生虫从体外培养系统中分离，并且该细胞系的凋亡也被相同的物质促进。 （5）进行了针对血吸虫病有效疫苗开发的研究，并建议钙蛋白酶可能是候选者。此外，在对委内瑞拉菌感染的研究中，尤其是关于其侵入肠道粘膜的机制，证明了硫化碳水化合物的重要作用局部在粘膜组织中。 （6）研究和开发对土壤传播的蠕虫的快速诊断测试的研究表明，已广泛用于现场监视的Kato-Katz技术不一定适用于估计患病率，有时会降低这种现场监测的可靠性和有效性。 （7）在肯尼亚和周边国家评估了学校卫生方法控制寄生虫的现状，这表明肯尼亚和桑给巴尔学童的Schistosona止血物的感染率达到了10-40％。根据学校的健康方法，可以认为解决这些问题；但是，在肯尼亚和桑给巴尔仅尝试将小学的驱虫在22％和65％中尝试，这应该得到改善。 （8）在东南亚进行了土壤传播的蠕虫感染的地图，这使我们能够利用GIS进行进一步分析。在肯尼亚也证实了RS的有效性，如果基于土壤传播的蠕虫和血吸虫病的流行病学数据引入了GIS，则对这些寄生虫疾病的详细监测似乎是可行的。较少的

项目成果

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