A comparative study between Japan and France, concerning the subjects of the legal relationship within the care-support and the property succession in the Ageing Society

老龄化社会中赡养与财产继承法律关系主体的日法比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
12620059
负责人：
HARADA Sumitaka
金额：
$ 2.05万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1.As far as Japan's concerned, the following points are observed: (1)the case law emphasizing one's. testament so-called "make inherit" should play an important role both in theory and practice, (2)it's still difficult to identify the usages and types of such testaments, mainly because of a shortage of data, (3) that goes too, for the arrangement of the family conflicts on the frail older parents' care and maintenance, (4) these situations might be relevant with the characteristics of the Japanese legal and fiscal systems of the family property succession, 5)about the long-term care insurance, the time ist not so ripe for evaluating its effects on the behavior of the family property succession.2.In France, contrastively, 1) the matrimonial regime of property has occupied an important place in the family property legislation, 2) the French Civil Law stipulates the various procedures of the property arrangement between the spouses, such as mutual consent to give benefits of the matrimonial regime, the special usage of donation-partage between the heirs, (3) the French flexibility of the family property solutions might be enabled by the notary format which has set up the formulated usages, attested by the long experience in practice, (4)the French fiscal system also takes these usages and practices into considerations, (5) the reinforcement of the succession rights of the survived spouse is realized by the Succession Reform Act in the end of 2001 ; (6)as to the long-term care system for the frail elders, the APA(Personal Assistance for Autonomy) is substituted, in July 2001, for the former PSD (Solidarity Provision for Dependency) introduced in the beginning of 1997.3.This subject has an important range to explore. Both Japan and France are proceeding to a transitional stage of the family property legislation. It should be necessary to consider in depth the points mentioned above and synthesize the considerations of them.

1.就日本而言，有以下几点：（1）判例法偏重自身。遗嘱所谓的“继承”应该在理论和实践中发挥重要作用，（2）这种遗嘱的用法和类型仍然很难确定，主要是因为数据的缺乏，（3）同样如此，对于年老体弱的父母照顾和赡养方面的家庭矛盾的安排，（4）这些情况可能与日本家庭财产继承的法律和财政制度的特点有关，5）关于长期护理保险，时间不是这样的2.相比之下，在法国，1）婚姻财产制在家庭财产立法中占有重要地位，2）法国民法规定了财产继承的各种程序。配偶之间的财产安排，例如双方同意给予婚姻制度的好处，继承人之间捐赠分配的特殊用法，（3）法国家庭财产解决方案的灵活性可以通过公证形式来实现，该形式具有设置(4)法国的财政制度也考虑到了这些惯例和做法，(5)强化未亡配偶的继承权是通过《继承改革法》实现的2001年底； (6)对于体弱长者的长期护理制度，2001年7月以APA(Personal Assistance for Autonomy)取代了1997年初推出的PSD(Solidarity Provision for Dependency)。3.本课题有一个重要的探索范围。日本和法国都正在进入家庭财产立法的过渡阶段。上述几点需要深入思考并综合考虑。