Variation in chloroplast microsatellite loci among wild and cultivated species of Emmer wheat

野生和栽培二粒小麦叶绿体微卫星位点的变异

基本信息

批准号：
11833011
负责人：
MORI Naoki
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
KOBE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

It is generally accepted that cultivated Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schubl.) originated from its wild ancestor (T.dicoccoides Korn.) by domestication about eight thousand years ago, somewhere in the Fertile Crescent. To study the origin of the cultivated Emmer wheat, allelic diversity in eight microsatellite loci of the chloroplast genome was investigated using 100 accessions of T.dicoccum and 72 accessions of T.dicoccoides. Five accessions of=T.paleocolchicum Men., two of T.durum L.and one each of T.aestivum L., T.carthlicum Nevski, T.ispahanicum Heslot, T.polonicum L.and T.turgidum L.were analyzed as references. The number of repeats in each locus was determined using PCR followed by PAGE.Polymorphic band patterns were obtained at seven out of the eight loci. As for the polymorphic microsatellites, the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to five with an average of 2.92. Nei's allelic diversity was estimated for each locus within each species. The average allelic diversity of T.dicoccoides (0.349) was about 3.2 times larger than that of T.dicoccum (0.109). One plastotype representing 80 % of the T.dicoccum accession and all accessions of references was identical to that of T.aestivum cv Chinese Spring. Whereas this major plastotype of the cultivated wheat was identified only in six T.dicoccoides accessions collected in one region in the north western Fertile Crescent. In addition to this major maternal lineage, we have identified a minor lineage from the wild Emmer to the cultivated Emmer wheat. These results suggest that there are at least two maternal lineages in cultivated Emmer wheat, and that the domestication of Emmer wheat with the major plastotype occurred in the north western Fertile Crescent.

人们普遍认为，栽培二粒小麦（Triticum dicaccum Schubl.）起源于其野生祖先（T.dicoccoides Korn.），大约八千年前在新月沃地的某个地方经过驯化。为了研究栽培二粒小麦的起源，使用 100 个 T.dicocum 种质和 72 个 T.dicoccoides 种质研究了叶绿体基因组的 8 个微卫星位点的等位基因多样性。分析了 5 个 T.paleocolchicum Men.、2 个 T.durum L. 以及 T.aestivum L.、T.carthlicum Nevski、T.ispahanicum Heslot、T.polonicum L. 和 T.turgidum L. 各一个作为参考。使用 PCR 和 PAGE 确定每个基因座的重复次数。在 8 个基因座中的 7 个上获得多态性条带模式。对于多态性微卫星，每个位点的等位基因数量从2到5个不等，平均为2.92个。对每个物种内每个基因座的 Nei 等位基因多样性进行了估计。 T.dicoccoides 的平均等位基因多样性 (0.349) 比 T.dicocum (0.109) 大约 3.2 倍。代表 T.dicaccum 种质和所有参考种质 80% 的一种质体型与 T.aestivum cv Chinese Spring 的质体型相同。然而，这种栽培小麦的主要质体型仅在新月沃地西北部一个地区收集的六种 T.dicoccoides 种质中被发现。除了这个主要的母系谱系之外，我们还确定了从野生二粒小麦到栽培二粒小麦的次要谱系。这些结果表明，栽培二粒小麦至少存在两个母系谱系，并且具有主要质型型的二粒小麦的驯化发生在新月沃地的西北部。