Comparative Research of Market, State, and Commons Regime to Define Sustainable Resource Management System

市场、国家和公地制度的比较研究，定义可持续资源管理系统

基本信息

批准号：
10680547
负责人：
MATSUOKA Shunji
金额：
$ 1.73万
依托单位：
Hiroshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10680547/
关键词：
Sustainable Resource Management System Commons Dealings Cost System Design Uncertainty Free Rider Environmental Management of Air Forest Management 持続的資源管理資源配分システム日本林業非営利セクター

项目摘要

We carried out a comparative research on the three systems of forest management viz. market, state, and commons regime in sustainable use of environmental resources, and also discussed about the role, function, and the best combination of each system.Firstly, we research about each management system for the forest resources of Japan. We found that all types of forest management organization of Japan (market, state, and commons), which depend on forestry as industry, cannot achieve Sustainable Forest Management. As a result, we reached the conclusion with a necessary enhancement of the volunteer organization, which was putting the new value on forest, as it neither controlled by the trend of the wood market, and nor to aim at the only harvest of the market goods of wood production in the past, but to aim at the public maintenance function of the forest.Next, we researched about the difference between the environmental regulation and a voluntary environmental management action by the eco … More nomic enterprise. The Command and Control, based on the emission standard, has the possibility to achieve static efficiency. However, it can only achieve dynamic efficiency, if the local government is executing it and it is not being uniformly applied to all the enterprises. Nevertheless, these unequal emission standards also have the problem with large possibility to ruin the fairness of the regulation. On the other hand, the Emission Charge System, which is one of the Market Based Instruments, can achieve static efficiency, but it is difficult to achieve an environmental target. Therefore and it cannot be necessarily said that it is an excellent system for dynamic efficiency. Thus, independent and volunteer means to manage the enterprise activity is by introducing the opening of information for the public and conducting environmental accounting. It can be said that such a system is excellent to achieve the maximum efficiency.The state system is excellent in maintaining fairness. The commons system is excellent in terms of efficiency among the three systems viz. market, state, and commons regime. Because these systems do not perform well as standalone, the Mixed Regulatory System by which three systems are combined is useful. However, in the future, the use of the market regime and the commons regime will become important, as the ratio of the state regime is the largest so far. Less

我们对森林经营的市场、国家和公共制度三种制度在环境资源可持续利用中的作用、功能和最佳组合进行了比较研究。我们发现日本所有类型的森林管理组织（市场、国家和公地）依赖林业作为产业，无法实现可持续森林管理。结论是必须加强志愿者组织，赋予森林新的价值，它不再受木材市场走势的控制，也不以过去木材生产的市场商品的唯一收获为目标，而是以森林的公共维护功能为目标接下来，我们研究了环境规制与经济企业自愿环境管理行为的区别。基于排放标准的指挥控制有可能实现静态效率。如果当地政府正在执行并且它能够实现动态效率然而，这些不平等的排放标准也存在很大可能破坏监管公平性的问题，而排放收费制度作为市场化工具之一，可以达到静态效率，但很难达到环境目标，因此并不能说它是一个优秀的动态效率系统，因此，独立和自愿的手段是通过引入信息公开来管理企业活动。可以说，为社会公众进行环境核算。国家制度在维护公平性方面是优秀的，在市场、国家和公地制度这三种制度中表现不佳。单独来看，三种制度相结合的混合监管制度是有用的，但在未来，市场制度和公地制度的使用将变得重要，因为国家制度的比例是迄今为止最大的。