IS THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT REGULATION ON LOCAL LOANS NECESSARY?

国家政府对地方贷款的监管有必要吗？

• 批准号: 10630096
• 负责人: YONEHARA Junshichiro
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: OTEMON GAKUIN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10630096/
• 关键词: Fiscal federalism; Fiscal policy; Local loans; Local government; Subsidy; Subnational government; Specific purpose grant; 地域間の再分配政策; 財政改革; 国と地方の財政関係; 公共投資; 金融政策; 金融機関; 地域格差; 不況期の地方財政; 国の財源保証; 地方税収の地域間格差; 景気対策としての公共投資; 地方団体の資金借入; 減税補填債と減

I think, in Japan, National Government regulations on subnational government loans are necessary because of following 3 reasons.1.The size of subnational governments expenditure all over Japan is about two times larger than that of national government. So in the time when business condition is very dull, and some expansionary fiscal policy is needed, subnational governments expenditure should be increased under the direction of national government. In Japan, we can not expect a successful fiscal policy without the increased subnational government expenditure financed by loans.2.In Japan, the national government subsidizes subnational governments of poor area when they refund their loans. So, local loan is a kind of aerial redistribution policy in Japan and should be controlled equitably by the national government.3.Until about 20 years ago, each ministry of national government had exerted severe controls on subnational governments through their specific purpose grants. But recently, specific purpose grants are gradually substituted by loans of which redemption are subsidized by general purpose grant. But the amount of the general purpose grant is limited. So the control of national government on the amount of local loans becomes necessary.

我认为，在日本，中央政府对地方政府贷款的监管是必要的，原因有以下三个。 1.日本各地地方政府支出规模大约是中央政府的两倍。因此，在经济形势非常低迷、需要一些扩张性财政政策的时候，地方政府的支出应该在中央政府的指导下增加。在日本，如果不通过贷款增加地方政府支出，我们就不能指望成功的财政政策。2.在日本，中央政府在偿还贷款时对贫困地区的地方政府进行补贴。因此，地方贷款在日本是一种空中再分配政策，应该由中央政府公平地控制。3.直到大约20年前，中央政府各部委还通过其特定用途补助金对地方政府实施严格控制。但最近，特定目的补助金逐渐被一般用途补助金偿还赎回的贷款所取代。但一般用途补助金的金额是有限的。因此中央政府对地方贷款数额的控制就显得十分必要。

项目成果

米原淳七郎: "改定地方財政学(現在執筆中)"有斐閣. 250 (2001)

Junshichiro Yonehara：“修订地方财政（目前正在进行中）” Yuhikaku 250 (2001)。

S.Hirashima & H.Ueda: "CHIHOUSAI"Gyousei. (2001)

平岛南

米原淳七郎: "経済不況と府県財政"経済学論纂(中央大学経済学研究会発行). 40巻3・4号. 1-23 (2000)

米原淳七郎：《经济衰退与县财政》经济学评论（中央大学经济研究会出版）第40卷第3期和第4期。1-23（2000年）。

N.Hibino: "ZAISEISENSOU NO KENSYOU"Daiichi Syorin. (1987)

N.Hibino：“ZAISEISENSOU NO KENSYOU”Daiichi Syorin。

米原淳七郎: "長引く不況と府県財政"地方財政(地方財務協会発行). 38巻6号. 4-11 (1999)

米原淳七郎：“长期衰退与县财政”地方财政（地方财政协会）第 38 卷，第 6.4-11 期（1999 年）。