Explicit and Implicit Memory in the aged : Searching for factors to prevent declining memory

老年人的外显记忆和内隐记忆：寻找防止记忆衰退的因素

• 批准号: 08451024
• 负责人: OHTA Nobuo
• 金额: $ 2.94万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08451024/
• 关键词: implicit memory; Explicit memory; aging; priming; episodic memory; recognition memory; proceding memory; hypermnesia; 老人

In the Experiment 1, we compared explicit and implicit memory in the aged with those in the young, in terms of perceptual priming, conceptual priming and recognition. We found that although the magnitude of priming for the aged and the young was similar in the case of perceptual priming, there were differences in the levels of conceptual priming. Conceptual priming in the aged showed faster decay compared to perceptual priming. In terms of explicit memory, performance for the aged was worse than for the young, especially when items were encoded at the conceptual or semantic levels.Experiment 2 dealt with procedural memory in the performance of problem solving tasks. The results showed that procedural memory in the aged is preserved at similar levels in the young. However, the quality of procedural memory in the young and the old differs, with procedural memory in the aged being based on motor-sensation processing, whereas this is based on cognitive-strategic processing in the young. In Experiment 3, although hypermnesia was found in the young, none was found in the old, however, it is uncertain why this was so.

在实验1中，我们将老年人的明确和隐式记忆与年轻人在感知启动，概念性启动和识别方面进行了比较。我们发现，尽管在感知启动的情况下，年龄和年轻人的启动幅度相似，但概念启动的水平存在差异。与感知启动相比，老年人的概念启动显示出更快的衰变。就明确的记忆而言，老年人的性能比Young更糟糕，尤其是在概念或语义级别编码项目时。经验2涉及解决问题任务的过程记忆。结果表明，在年轻人中，老年人的程序记忆在相似的水平上保留。但是，年轻人和老年人的程序记忆质量有所不同，老年人的程序记忆是基于运动声音处理的，而这是基于年轻人的认知战略处理。在实验3中，尽管在年轻人中发现了超史学家，但在旧的情况下没有发现，但是尚不确定为什么这样。