Historical-Anthropolgical Stdy of the Hunting Activities of the Ainu -Especially though comparative study of traps and spring bows-

阿伊努人狩猎活动的历史人类学研究 -特别是通过陷阱和弹簧弓的比较研究 -

基本信息

批准号：
07610322
负责人：
DERIHA Koji
金额：
$ 0.32万
依托单位：
The Historical Museum of Hokkaido
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study is intended as an investigation of the Ainu hunting activities of small animals in the late Edo period at Yoichi district in southwestern Hokkaido.The numerical amont of the animals which the Ainu hunted in the period from 1828 to 1857 in that district by analyzing historical documents. I pointed out the Ainu in this district hunted small game such as foxes, otters, and marterns, being more than bears. The Ainu offered these furs to Unjyo-ya office due to the order of Matsumae clan. And Matsumae used those furs to trade with northern peoples for glass beads and some kind of Manchurian robes at a trading post in Sakhalin.The other hand, Chin dynasty and lmperial Russia strongly demanded small animal's furs sch as martens, foxes, and otters. The proples in lower Amur river region and in Sakhalin were hunted those animals to offer both of those imperial country under complsion.The chronic demand of fus in this district influenced the Ainu and their hunting activities were chaged. The hunting activities of the Ainu at this time were not planed by the Ainu on their own initiative, but depended on the demand of Chin dynasty and Imperial Russia.I also compared hunting implements among the peoples, I pointed out common morphological features among several implements of them. The reason for the similarity I noticed that a gradual increase of the demand of furs of small animals represented such as sables by the Ming dynasty in middle 15 the century to the Chin dynasty or Imperial Russia had the p roples accept several types of hunting tools.Among hnting implements, spring-bows and traps using bow using bow for automatic hunting were distributed widely among at least the Ainu, Nivhi and Nanai peoples. For the reaon I insisted not only simple diffusion of these tools but also a strong influence by the nations.

本研究旨在调查北海道西南部余市地区江户时代末期阿伊努人对小动物的狩猎活动。通过分析历史数据，得出 1828 年至 1857 年期间阿伊努人在该地区狩猎的动物数量。文件。我指出这个地区的阿伊努人捕猎狐狸、水獭和貂等小型动物，不仅仅是熊。阿伊努人根据松前氏族的命令将这些毛皮提供给云城屋办公室。松前用这些毛皮在萨哈林岛的一个贸易站与北方人民进行玻璃珠和某种满洲长袍的贸易。另一方面，金朝和俄罗斯帝国强烈需要小动物的毛皮，如貂、狐狸和水獭。阿穆尔河下游地区和萨哈林岛的原住民被猎杀，以提供这两个帝国的统治。该地区对福斯的长期需求影响了阿伊努人，他们的狩猎活动受到了限制。此时阿伊努人的狩猎活动并不是阿伊努人主动计划的，而是取决于金朝和沙俄帝国的需要。我还比较了各民族之间的狩猎工具，指出了几种工具的共同形态特征其中。之所以有相似之处，我注意到从15世纪中叶的明朝到金朝或俄罗斯帝国，对以紫貂为代表的小动物毛皮的需求逐渐增加，使得人们接受了多种类型的狩猎工具。在狩猎工具中，弹簧弓和使用弓进行自动狩猎的陷阱至少在阿伊努人、尼夫希人和纳奈人中广泛分布。因此，我坚持不仅要简单地传播这些工具，而且要在各国之间发挥强大的影响力。