Material cycling and population interactions in food webs, and the evolutionary dynamics of biological communities

食物网中的物质循环和种群相互作用，以及生物群落的进化动态

基本信息

批准号：
07304078
负责人：
SOTA Teiji
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Shinshu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07304078/
关键词：
food web biological community material cycling aquatic organisms bacteria predation life history coevolution 物質循環物循循環

项目摘要

This project was to promote ecological studies that analyzes the structure and dynamics of biological communities and food webs in relation to material cycling, interactions among organisms, and evolution of traits associated with resource uses and interspecific interactions. We investigated aquatic communities in natural phytotelmata and in laboratory microcosms as model systems because they possess essential properties of ecological systems, especially environmental patchiness, and are manipulable small, semiclosed systems which are suitable to both field and laboratory studies. In natural phytotelmata including treeholes, bamboo stumps, and pitcher plants, we found several important community properties. (1) In individual phytotelmata, the amount of detritus and stability of aquatic site were correlated with phytotelm size, and the phytotelm size was correlated with biomass and species richness. Thus, local communities were space and/or resource limited. (2) Species interactions (pr … More edation and competition) in local communities occurred among restricted small sets of species ; aggregated distribution in each species and random association between species often resulted in reduced interspecific interactions which might promote species coexistence. (3) Despite the local limitation of community diversity, regional species richness could be maintained in patchy environments, because the patchiness reduces overall strength of interspecific interactions and environmental heterogeneity involved allows niche segregation among species. (4) Evolutionary divergence of life-history and physiological traits, especially in habitat selection and the allocation of energy to foraging, development and growth, and survival, could leads to coexistence of competing species. In microcosm experiments, the importance of microbial loop was emphasized. The use of bacteria by crustaceans as food resources was studied in terms of foraging behavior and nutritional value. A cladocera had a fine trapping mechanism for bacteria. Also, invadability of bacteria into novel environments was studied in relation to application of genetically-engineered useful bacteria for restoring polluted environments. Mathematical models of interacting organisms and food webs in patchy environments are now analyzed to predict evolutionary dynamics of community and food web structures. Less

该项目旨在促进生态研究，分析与物质循环，生物之间的相互作用以及与资源使用和种间相互作用相关的特征的演变，分析生物群落和食物网的结构和动态。我们研究了天然植物植物和实验室缩影的水生群落作为模型系统，因为它们具有生态系统的重要特性，尤其是环境斑点，并且是适合现场和实验室研究的可操纵小型的半隔离系统。在天然的植物植物中，包括树孔，竹桩和投手植物，我们发现了一些重要的社区特性。（1）在单个植物素中，水生位点的碎屑和稳定性与植物大小相关，并且植物大小与生物量和物种丰富度相关。那是当地社区是空间和/或资源有限的。（2）当地社区的物种相互作用（PR……更多的编辑和竞争）发生在受限的小物种中；每个物种的汇总分布和物种之间的随机关联通常导致种间相互作用减少，这可能会促进物种共存。（3）尽管社区多样性的局部局限性，但区域物种丰富度可以在斑驳的环境中维持，因为斑块降低了种间相互作用和所涉及的环境异质性的总体强度，可以使物种之间的细分隔离。（4）生活历史和身体特征的进化差异，尤其是在栖息地的选择以及将能量分配到觅食，发展和生长以及生存的过程中，可能会导致竞争物种的共存。在缩影实验中，强调微生物环的重要性。在觅食行为和营养价值方面研究了甲壳类动物作为食物资源的使用。 cladocera具有细菌的精细捕获机制。同样，研究细菌对新环境的不可侵犯性研究了遗传工程有用的细菌用于恢复受污染的环境。现在，分析了斑点环境中相互作用的生物和食物网的数学模型，以预测社区和食物网络结构的进化动态。较少的