Trade of Forest Products and Policy of Environment

林产品贸易与环境政策

基本信息

批准号：
06041059
负责人：
MURASHIMA Yoshinao
金额：
$ 9.86万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Even in the forestry sector as well, internationalization of capital activities are common today. Trade of forest products has been increasing year by year, and interaction between three major regions, Pacific Rim, North America, and Europe is expanding rapidly with involving other countries such as Brazil, Chili, Malaysia, and Indonesia. In many exporting countries, timber production is shifing from old growth forest to second growth forests, and environmental awareness is becoming more and more popular.In this project, we have two objectives. One is to analyze the process of reorganization of forest industry in US during 1980s, and to clarify its direct and indirect impacts to Japanese forestry and forest industry. The other is to study how big forest companies manage their forest in the upheaving environmental movement in the world, especially tropics. New Zealand is one of the good examples of successful management of harmonizing environmentalism and production oriented policy.We a … More chieved two main results as follows :1. Wood Giants are getting stronger power in forest sector in US.The situation today seems like oligopolistic competition. World top three Wood Giants, International Paper, Georgia Pacific, and Weyerhaeuser, are original US company. They have gross sales of more than ten billion dollars each year, and it is increasing 10 to 20% annually. They accomplished such big rate of expansion mainly by M & A,and made strong economic body with vertical and horizontal integration. This movement caused the same kind of integration of forest industries in both Europe and Japan.2. Environmental movement has certain big power today. Especially in US,National Forest System experienced a big change of management policy. They set their first objective of managing forest in keeping healthy ecosystem, rather than timber production. It is of course pretty new in forestry, and is interesting to trace the controversy around such an ecology oriented forest policy for considering public forest issues in other parts of the world. Less

即使在林业领域，如今林产品贸易的国际化也日益普遍，环太平洋、北美、欧洲三大地区之间的互动正在迅速扩大，并涉及到其他国家。在许多出口国，木材生产正在从老生林转向次生林，环保意识也越来越普及。在这个项目中，我们有两个目标。分析我国林业产业重组过程20世纪80年代的美国，并阐明其对日本林业和林业的直接和间接影响，另一个是研究大型林业公司如何在世界范围内剧烈的环境运动中管理其森林，特别是新西兰是其中之一。协调环保主义和生产导向政策的成功管理的例子。我们取得了以下两个主要成果：1.美国林业巨头的实力越来越强。今天的情况似乎是寡头垄断竞争。 Wood Giants、International Paper、Georgia Pacific、Weyerhaeuser都是美国本土公司，他们每年的销售额超过百亿美元，并且每年以10%到20%的速度增长，他们主要是靠M完成了如此大的扩张。＆A，并形成了纵向和横向一体化的强大经济体，这一运动在欧洲和日本引起了同样的森林工业一体化。 2．环境运动在今天特别是在美国，经历了一场巨大的力量。他们制定了管理政策的重大变化。管理森林的首要目标是保持健康的生态系统，而不是木材生产这在林业中当然是相当新的，并且追踪围绕这种以生态为导向的森林政策以考虑世界其他地区的公共森林问题的争议是很有趣的。较少的