Comparative study of forestry in Japan and US

日本与美国林业比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
02660150
负责人：
MURASHIMA Yoshinao
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02660150/
关键词：
Wood industry Tree farm Pulp and paper industry Self-sufficiency M & A Japan-US timber trade Restructuring Imported wood products 紙・パルプ産業木材の自給率林家多国籍企業 M&A(買収及び合併)リストラクチャリング tenure制度採取的林業三すくみ競争構造

项目摘要

This project had two objectives. One was to clarify the situation of "tree farming" styled forestry to compare with "timber mining" styled forestry in recent North America, and to examine its capability of exporting timber to Japan. The other was to analyze the competition between our domestic forest products and imported ones from North America. We made the following five points clear. 1. North American forestry is in transition period from timber mining to tree farming. Timber production from old growth forests is decreasing and that from second growth forests is increasing. This results in keen competition between producers in different regions and expansion of timber export to Japan. 2. Harvest from old growth forests is sharply declined by the power of environmental movement, and the production from public forests is under some restrictions. This makes wood and fiber industry have large market power.3. An appreciation of yen since 1985 strongly promoted the import of wood and fiber, shifting from materials to products, and self-sufficient rate of forest products became only 25% in Japan today. 4. At the same time, strong yen also promoted overseas economic activity of Japanese companies. M & A of North American companies and reforestation practices in developing countries by Japanese pulp and paper companies were the examples. Some of the timber production and sales companies also began to invest in foreign countries. 5. Imported timber, domestic-sawn timber, and domestic timber compete one another fiercely in construction timber market. Domestic forestry is shrinking under this situation, therefore adequate forest resource management system is critically required.

该项目有两个目标。一是明确“林业”型林业的状况，与近代北美“采伐型”林业进行比较，考察其向日本出口木材的能力。二是分析我国国产林产品与北美进口林产品的竞争情况。我们明确了以下五点。 1. 北美林业正处于从木材开采向林木种植的转型期。老林的木材产量正在减少，而次生林的木材产量正在增加。这导致不同地区生产商之间的激烈竞争以及对日本的木材出口扩大。 2.受环境运动的影响，老林的采伐量急剧下降，公有林的生产受到一定的限制。这使得木材和纤维工业具有较大的市场力量。3． 1985年以来日元升值有力促进了木材和纤维的进口，从原料转向产品，如今日本林产品自给率仅为25%。 4、同时，日元强势也促进了日本企业的海外经济活动。日本纸浆造纸企业对北美企业的并购以及发展中国家的重新造林实践就是例子。一些木材生产、销售企业也开始到国外投资。 5、建筑木材市场进口木材、国产锯材、国产木材竞争激烈。在这种情况下，国内林业正在萎缩，因此迫切需要完善的森林资源管理体系。