DEVELOPMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH RISK CHILDREN AND ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL

高危儿童的发育特征及其心理

基本信息

批准号：
04301011
负责人：
OHNO Hiroyuki
金额：
$ 2.94万
依托单位：
KYUSYU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04301011/
关键词：
HIGH RISK CHILDREN VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT INFANT LOW BIRTHWEIGHT INFANT IQ WISC-R EFFECT OF HOSPITALIZATION PSYCHOLOGYCAL TREATMENT BEHAVIORAL PROBLEM 発達発達援助知能指数学習障害登校拒否知能描画キャッチアップ臨床的対応動作法

项目摘要

Those infants whose psychologycal and neurological development is retarded in early stages for some reason or who have a high potential for the occurrence of disabilities are termed high risk childen. Indexes of risk have been developed from various phases of development such as those for motion, psychological, and neurological development. Above all, birthweight is the most important index today. Children born prematurely are categorized as very low birthwaight infants with birthweight below 1500 grams and low birthweight infants with birthweight below 1000 grams.From clinical observation of developmental characteristics of high risk infants, the following points have been deduced :(1)The caource of development of high risk children showed complex characteristics and this was particularly conspicuous with children born with a weight of less than 1000g. In Tanaka-Binet and WISC-R IQ tests, the dispersion of IQs of the age group of 6 to 8 years tendedto slide to lower numbers and it was … More learned that differences in IQ may reflect the extent of risk. Also, imbalances are found to exist among the factors that constitute the IQ (e.g. : the relation between performance IQ and verbal IQ).(2)The view that high risk children may catch up with normal children at the age of 3 to 5 years has found partial support. However, close examination using the WISC-R and other tests attested to the fact that such "late blooming" may not be readily observable as mentioned in (1) above.(3)Factors other than neurological ones which are at the very root of such problems include those associated with the infant's nurturing environment in early stages of development. Of particular note here is the effect of hospitalization on infants under 1000g birthweight which must remain in the isolation of the ICU for an average of 5 to 6 months. Separation from mother for that period and loss of the associated fondling are considered factors that hinder healthy development.(4)Those high risk children whose birth weight was less than 1000g demonstrated restlessness, attention deficiency, mental instability, incompatibility in school and other behavioral problems. Improvement of retardation of high risk children including cases of retaradation attributable to brain damage or chlomosomal abnormality has been achieved by means of clinical and psychological treatment.(5)A total approach combining hospitals, welfare facilities, the children's parents, nurseries and educational facilities is important in order to effectively deal with the clinical challenges presented by high risk children. Less

那些由于某种原因而在早期阶段延迟心理和神经系统发展的婴儿，或者在发生疾病的可能性很高的婴儿被称为高风险。风险指数是从各个发展阶段（例如运动，心理和神经系统发展的阶段）发展出来的。最重要的是，体重是当今最重要的指数。过早出生的儿童被归类为生日怀有低于1500克和生日低于1000克的生日重量的婴儿。从临床观察到高风险婴儿的发育特征，已经推动了以下几点：（1）高风险儿童的发育范围：高风险儿童的发展尤其是复杂的特征，尤其是与年龄少于1000克的儿童尤为明显。在田中 - 比尼特和WISC-RIQ测试中，6至8岁年龄段的智商的分散往往会滑到较低的数量，而……更多的是，智商的差异可能反映了风险的程度。同样，发现构成智商的因素（例如：绩效智商和言语智商之间的关系）之间存在不平衡。但是，使用WISC-R和其他测试的仔细检查证明了以下事实：这种“晚期盛开”可能不易观察到上面的（1）中所述。（3）除神经系统问题以外的因素以外的其他因素是这些问题的根源，包括与婴儿在早期发展阶段与婴儿养育环境相关的因素。特别值得注意的是住院对1000克以下婴儿体重的影响，必须在ICU隔离5到6个月内将其保留在ICU中。在那个时期与母亲的分离和相关抚摸的丧失是阻碍健康发展的因素。（4）那些出生体重小于1000克的高风险儿童表现出躁动不安，注意力缺乏，精神不稳定，学校中的不相容性和其他行为问题。通过临床和心理治疗方法可以改善高风险儿童的延迟，包括可归因于脑部损伤或chlomosomal异常的重新定性案件。（5）一种将医院，福利设施，儿童父母，托儿所和教育设施结合起来的全面方法，对于有效地涉及临床危险的儿童而言，重要的是重要的。较少的