From the Structural Goal/Expectation Theory to the Theory of Instrumental Cooperation

从结构性目标/期望理论到工具性合作理论

• 批准号: 03610030
• 负责人: YAMAGISHI Toshio
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1991 至 1992
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03610030/
• 关键词: Social Dilemma; Prisoner's Dilemma; Norm; Cooperation; PD Network; Strategy; ネットワ-ク; 協力行動; シミュレ-ション; 公共財; 実験ゲ-ム

We proposed to advance the theory of instrumental cooperation among people facing a social dilemma situation. This goal was achieved through the realization of the critical importance of the transformation of the incentive structure not in the form of reducing "temptation for defection" but in the form of N-person Assurance Game. In a series of laboratory experiments and computer simulations, we have demonstrated that a wide range of "solutions" to the social dilemmas problem involve this form of transformation (from NPD to NAG); the kinds of solutions analyzed in this research included (1) emergence of PD-network structures, (2) voluntary adoption of certain types of strategies by group members facing an iterated social dilemma, (3) the "linkage" strategy in the emergence of norms without meta-norms. It was also demonstrated that the original goal/expectation theory proposed by Pruitt and Kimmel involved the subjective transformation of the incentive structure of the same king (i.e., from NPD to NAG). These findings provide an important breakthrough in the development of the theory of instrumental cooperation, since the transformation of NPD to NAG provides an effective means for resolving the second-order dilemma problem.

我们提议促进面临社会困境情况的人们之间的工具合作理论。通过意识到激励结构的关键重要性不是以减少“叛逃诱惑”的形式而是以n-per人的保证游戏的形式来实现这一目标。在一系列实验室实验和计算机模拟中，我们证明了社会困境问题的广泛“解决方案”涉及这种转化形式（从NPD到NAG）；这项研究中分析的解决方案的种类包括（1）PD网络结构的出现，（2）通过面临迭代社会困境的小组成员自愿采用某些类型的策略，（3）无元元素的规范出现的“联系”策略。还证明，普鲁伊特（Pruitt）和金梅尔（Kimmel）提出的最初的目标/期望理论涉及同一国王的激励结构（即从NPD到NAG）的主观转变。这些发现为仪器合作理论的发展提供了重要的突破，因为NPD向NAG的转变为解决二阶难题问题提供了有效的手段。

项目成果

林 直保子、神 信人、山岸 俊男: "ネットワーク型囚人のジレンマーー戦略のシミュレーション」" 社会心理学研究. 8. 33-43 (1993)

Naoyasuko Hayashi、Nobuto Kami、Toshio Yamagishi：“网络囚徒困境 - 策略模拟”社会心理学研究。8. 33-43 (1993)。

Toshio YAMAGISHI: "分担執筆:K.S.Cook,G.Fine,& J.House(eds.)Sociological Perspecllyes on Social Psychology." Allyn and Bacon, (1993)

Toshio YAMAGISHI：“贡献者：K.S.Cook、G.Fine 和 J.House（编辑）《社会心理学的社会学观点》，(1993)

山岸 俊男: "利得構造の変換と規範の生成" 理論と方法. 8. (1993)

山岸敏夫：“支付结构的转变和规范的生成”8。（1993）。

Toshio Yamagishi: "Social exchange and social dilemmas." in K. Seiyama & M. Umino, Social Order and Social Dilemmas, Harvest-sha. 227-257 (1991)

山岸敏夫：“社会交换和社会困境。”

Toshio Yamagishi: "One direction of micro-macro social psychology." Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 32-2. 106-114 (1993)

山岸敏夫：“微观宏观社会心理学的一个方向”。