Analysis of cytoplasmic organellar function in wheat and its related species

小麦及其近缘种细胞质细胞器功能分析

• 批准号: 01560005
• 负责人: NAKAMURA Chiharu
• 金额: $ 1.86万
• 依托单位: Kobe University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1989 至 1991
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01560005/
• 关键词: Triticum aestivum; Aegilops; Agropyron; Haynaldia; nuclear cytoplasmic hybrids; Photosynthesis; respiration; chloroplast and mitochnodrial DNAs; Agropyron; 核細胞質間相互作用; 核細胞質置換雑種; チトクロ-ムC酸化酵素; Triticum aestivum; 核細胞質雑種; 細胞質変異; テロ染色体; コムギ; エギ

1. A large variability was found in photosynthetic capacity and respiratory characteristics in nuclar cytoplasmic hybrids of common wheat with cytoplasms of common wheat and its related species. Photosynthetic capacity differed more than 30% among the hybrids, while higer capacity was accompanied by incompatibility, resulting in the reduction of plant vigor of the hydrids. The activities of cytochrome path, cytochrome c oxidase and alternative path differed significantly among the hybrids. The cytochrome c oxidase activity was markedly high in hybrids with cytoplasms causing the reduction of growth vigor.2. Cytoplasms of two Agropyron species caused marked reduction in growth vigor and male fertilitly when combined with common wheat nucleus, while Agropyron telocentric chromosmes restored normal growth vigor and male fertility. The incompatibility between Agropyron cytoplasms and common wheat nucleus was expressed as aberrant mitochondrial function.3. Study of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs showed that the genetic distances between cytoplasmic genomes of common wheat and the two Agropyron species were nearly the same as that between common wheat and Haynaldia villosa. The cytoplasmic genomes of the two Agropyron species differed significantly.4. Physical maps of chloroplast DNAs of the two Agropyron species and Haynaldia villosa were constructed and photosynthesis-related genes were located on the maps.

1。与普通小麦及其相关物种的细胞胞质杂种中的光合作用能力和呼吸特征有很大的变异性。在杂种中，光合作用的能力差异超过30％，而Higer的容量则伴有不兼容，导致氢化物的植物活力降低。在杂种之间，细胞色素路径，细胞色素C氧化酶和替代路径的活性显着不同。细胞色素C氧化酶活性在杂种中显着高，导致生长活力降低2。当与普通小麦核结合使用时，两种农农源物种的细胞肿瘤显着降低了生长活力和雄性，而农民雌雄同体的雌雄同体则恢复了正常的生长活力和男性生育力。农业吡咯的细胞肿瘤与普通小麦核之间的不相容性表示为异常的线粒体功能。3。叶绿体和线粒体DNA的研究表明，普通小麦和两种农业幼儿子的细胞质基因组之间的遗传距离几乎与普通小麦和haynaldia villosa之间的遗传距离几乎相同。两种农业生物的细胞质基因组有显着差异。4。构建了两个农民龙和Haynaldia Villosa的叶绿体DNA的物理图，并位于与光合作用相关的基因上。

项目成果

Suzuki, T. et al.: "Interaction between telocentric nucleolar-organizing chromosomes of two Agropyron species and their cytoplasms in alloplasmic lines of common wheat" Jpn. J. Genet.

Suzuki, T. 等人：“普通小麦异质系中两种冰草属物种的端着丝核仁组织染色体与其细胞质之间的相互作用”Jpn。

Suzuki,T.et al.: "Mode of mitochondrial gene expression related to growth depression in alloplasmic lines of common wheat with Agropyron cytoplasms" Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

Suzuki,T.et al.：“具有冰草细胞质的普通小麦异质系中与生长抑制相关的线粒体基因表达模式”理论与应用遗传学。

Ohtani,K.et al.: "Physical maps of chloroplast DNAs of Agropyron glaucum,Ag.trichophorum and Haynaldia villosa" Japanese Journal of Genetics.

Ohtani,K.et al.：“Agropyron glaucum、Ag.trichophorum 和 Haynaldia villosa 叶绿体 DNA 的物理图谱”日本遗传学杂志。

Nakamura, C. et al.: "Cytoplasmic diversity in alloplasmic common wheats with cytoplasms of Triticum and Aegilops revealed by photosynthetic and respiratory characteristics" Jpn. J. Genet.66. 471-483 (1991)

Nakamura, C. 等人：“通过光合和呼吸特征揭示小麦和山羊草细胞质的异质普通小麦的细胞质多样性”Jpn。

Ohtani, K. et al.: "Physical maps of chloroplast DNAs Agropyron glaucum, Ag. trichophorum and Haynaldia villosa" Jpn. J. Genet.

Ohtani, K. 等人：“叶绿体 DNA 的 Agropyron glaucum、Ag. trichophorum 和 Haynaldia villosa 的物理图谱”Jpn。