Comparative Ecology of Primates in West Africa

西非灵长类动物的比较生态学

• 批准号: 01041058
• 负责人: SUGIYAMA Yukimaru
• 金额: $ 11.39万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1989 至 1991
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01041058/
• 关键词: Erythrocebus patas; Cercopithecus aethiops; Pan troglodytes verus; Bossou; Hard-nut cracking; Hammer using; Hand preference; Secondary tool; 野生チンパンジ-; メタ道具; 学習; 社会行動; 単雄群; 複雄群; 父親判定; 離合集散; 採食集団; 道具使用; DNA多型分析; Erythrocebus patas; Cercopithecus aethiops; Pan troglodytes verus; Bossou; Hard-nut cracking; Hammer using; Hand preference; Secondary tool; 野生チンパンジ-; メタ道具; 学習; 社会行動; 単雄群; 複雄群; 父親判定; 離合集散; 採食集団; 道具使用; DNA多型分析

Purpose of this project is to make clear the adaptation of non-human primates in same and different environments. The primate species and main research field are Erythrocebus patas and Cercopithecus aethiops of Kaka Maloue, semi-arid region in Northern-most Cameroon, and Pan troglodytes verus of Bossou, mixed forest in South-eastern Guinea.Two species of Kala Maloue distribute synpatrically. Patas has the one-male (multi-female) group and forages widely in the most dry area overlapping its home-range with those of adjacent groups. On the other hand aethiops has the multi-male (multi-female) group and stays within the riverine forest. Group males of patas are frequently ousted by the attack of bachelor sales, though thoed of aethiops stay longer. Group structure, foraging pattern and male reproductive success of both species are being analyzed through their comparison.The group of Pan of Bossou is characterized by the tool-using behavior, particularly the hard-nut cracking using hammer. Through its intensive observation development of hammer-using technique and its individual difference were analyzed. For learning skillful technique infants and juveniles must observe mother's and elders' technique, try to manipulate stones, understand the relation among anvil, nut to be cracked and hammer. It takes more than 10 years for using hammer skillfully. Each individual always uses hammer in his/her preffered hand. About half of individuals of the group is the right hand user and others are the left hand users.However, a few immatures sometimes changed their hand for using hammer. Laterality of hand use develops according to development of the hammering technique. Occasionally an old female used another stone putting under the anvil as "a secondary tool" for its effective use.

该项目的目的是清楚在相同和不同环境中的非人类灵长类动物的适应。灵长类动物和主要研究领域是卡卡·马洛伊（Kaka Maloue）的红宝石patas和cercopithecus aethiops，北部喀麦隆北部的半干旱地区，以及bossou的潘·特洛格洛特（Pan troglodytes verus of Bossou），几内亚东南部的混合森林。帕塔斯（Patas）在最干燥的区域中有一个摩尔（多女性）组，并在与相邻群体的房屋范围重叠的最干燥区域中广泛觅食。另一方面，Aethiops拥有多男性（多女性）群体，并留在河林中。尽管Aethiops的Thoed停留更长的时间，但Patas的男性经常被单身汉的攻击驱逐出境。通过比较分析了这两种物种的群体结构，觅食模式和男性生殖成功。bossou的PAN组的特征是使用工具的行为，尤其是使用锤子的硬核破裂。通过对锤子使用技术的密集观察开发及其个体差异。为了学习熟练的技术，婴儿和少年必须观察母亲和长者的技术，试图操纵石头，了解砧座之间的关系，螺母是要破裂和锤击的。巧妙地使用锤子需要10多年的时间。每个人总是在他/她的手中使用锤子。该组的个人中约有一半是右手用户，而其他人则是左手用户。有时，有时有些不合理的人可以改变他们的手来使用锤子。手用的侧向根据锤击技术的发展而发展。有时，一位老雌性将另一种石头放在砧下方作为“次要工具”，以有效使用。