Study of factors to improve the removal of trace metals/elements from mine effluents using low-cost adsorbents

使用低成本吸附剂改善矿山废水中微量金属/元素去除的因素研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04003
• 负责人: Belzile, Nelson
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: Laurentian University of Sudbury
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=713285
• 关键词: Study; factors; improve; removal; trace

The contamination of surface waters and soils by toxic trace elements from mining and other industrial activities is a major environmental problem. In the meantime, the production of large quantities of waste materials generated by various industrial activities also becomes an ever-pressing issue as they not only cause a secondary pollution and aesthetic problem, but also occupy vast areas of precious land. The safe storage and handling of these wastes is very costly. In this proposal, we present a research plan to address these two problems simultaneously, by specifically turning waste materials into valuable resources and using them as effective materials to remove toxic elements from mining wastewater or to immobilize them for soil remediation. In some previous work, we found that coal fly ash, drinking water sludge and red grape pulp can be used as primary low-cost adsorbent materials for toxic metals and elements. Furthermore, impurities in these wastes are very low and generally not releasable in solution, thus making these materials suitable as primary adsorbents. Solution pH is a critical factor to consider and at optimal conditions, the adsorption capacity of the studied materials were generally high and the kinetics of adsorption relatively fast. In this proposal, we intend to enhance our knowledge of the modification conditions of these materials to further enhance those parameters. Our objective is to make the modification processes simple and at low cost. Additional studies on the adsorption properties of metals with agricultural wastes and in combination with modified fly ash will be done in more detail to reach maximum adsorption capacity and retention by these low-cost materials. The possibility of molding efficient adsorbents to make them easy to handle will be tested. The formulation should be economically sound and the adsorbent material could be reused multiple times. The ultimate goals in this study are to: (1) develop low-cost combination of adsorbents for the removal of toxic elements from mining waters; (2) use these adsorbents as passivating agents to immobilize toxic metals in soil and prevent them entering the food chain; (3) determine if the materials used in mine treatment plants can be reused. To achieve these goals, systematic chemical experiments will be conducted on the properties of different materials both alone and in combination in order to maximize their potential for use in an industrial mining setting or other contaminated environments. Several analytical techniques and instruments will serve as detection tools. The mechanical resistance of molding material will be evaluated under calibrated press and other instruments.

采矿和其他工业活动产生的有毒微量元素对地表水和土壤的污染是一个主要的环境问题。与此同时，各种工业活动产生的大量废料也成为一个日益紧迫的问题，它们不仅造成二次污染和美观问题，而且占用了大片宝贵的土地。安全储存和处理这些废物的成本非常高。在本提案中，我们提出了一项同时解决这两个问题的研究计划，具体是将废料变成有价值的资源，并将其作为有效材料去除采矿废水中的有毒元素或将其固定用于土壤修复。在之前的一些工作中，我们发现粉煤灰、饮用水污泥和红葡萄浆可以作为有毒金属和元素的初级低成本吸附材料。此外，这些废物中的杂质非常低，通常不会释放到溶液中，因此使这些材料适合作为主要吸附剂。溶液 pH 值是需要考虑的关键因素，在最佳条件下，所研究材料的吸附容量通常较高，并且吸附动力学相对较快。在本提案中，我们打算增强对这些材料的改性条件的了解，以进一步增强这些参数。 我们的目标是使修改过程变得简单且成本低廉。将更详细地研究金属与农业废物以及与改性粉煤灰相结合的吸附特性，以达到这些低成本材料的最大吸附能力和保留能力。将测试模制高效吸附剂以使其易于处理的可能性。配方应该经济合理并且吸附材料可以多次重复使用。本研究的最终目标是：（1） 用于去除采矿水中有毒元素的低成本吸附剂组合； （2）利用这些吸附剂作为钝化剂，固定土壤中的有毒金属，防止其进入食物链； (3)确定矿山处理厂使用的材料是否可以重复使用。为了实现这些目标，将对不同材料的单独和组合特性进行系统的化学实验，以最大限度地发挥其在工业采矿环境或其他污染环境中的使用潜力。 多种分析技术和仪器将作为检测工具。成型材料的机械阻力将在校准压力机和其他仪器下进行评估。